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## Moving the Units

Once the first turn begins, you can begin looking at the display and moving your units. Depending on the game design and startup options, you may or may not be moving simultaneously with the other players. If not, then the players move one at a time, in the order that their sides are listed in any display. Usually, you can choose freely which units to move next; you can move one a bit, switch to another, move it, then come back to the first one later, and so forth. Some game designs may require that you move units in a specific order; perhaps all your aircraft must finish all their movement before any ships can move.

- Turn Setup
- Types of Actions
- Movement
- Combat
- Research
- Construction
- Repairing Units
- Disbanding Units
- Transferring Unit Parts
- Changing Unit Side
- Changing Unit Type
- Producing Materials
- Transferring Materials
- Changing the Terrain

### Turn Setup

First, Xconq computes the number of action points available to each unit. Each unit gets an increment of action points equal to its `acp-per-turn`.

The range of action points for a unit is normally 0 up to the value of `acp-per-turn`, but the parameters `acp-min` and `acp-max` may allow for an extended range. You use this range by allowing a unit to accumulate extra action points by doing nothing for several turns, or to recover from an activity that used many action points all at once. Think of this as a sort of temporary action "debt". Units in debt at the beginning of a turn cannot act during that turn, and will continue to be inactive until they start a turn with an acp of 1 or more.

### Types of Actions

Actions are the most basic kinds of things your units can do. During play, the interface will usually give you capabilities that are easy to use, such as the ability to point at a destination and have the unit figure out which path to take to get there, but all such input eventually breaks down into sequences of actions. Also, the rules of a game design are expressed in terms of allowed actions, their costs, and their consequences. You will therefore find it useful to understand all the types of actions available.

Each type of action may have one or more "arguments" associated with it. These are mentioned below as "given" values.

Movement:

- Move to a given location. The unit being moved may be in a transport or out in the open, the destination is any location in the open (this will usually, but not always, be an adjacent cell), and may be at any altitude allowed for the unit. (`move-to`)
- Enter a given transport unit. The transport need not be on the same side as the entering unit. (`enter`)

Combat:

- Attack a given unit. A successful attack causes damage and destruction to the unit being attacked. (`attack`)
- Overrun a given location. The overrunning unit attempts to occupy the destination, capturing, ejecting, or eliminating any unfriendly unit present. (`overrun`)
- Fire at a given unit, either using a given material as ammunition, or using any available material. (`fire-at`)
- Fire into a given location, either using a given material as ammunition, or using any available material. (`fire-into`)
- Attempt to capture a given unit. If the attempt is successful, the unit changes side to match that of the capturing unit. Occupants will either escape, die, or be captured also. (`capture`)
- Detonate at a given location. Detonation may damage any or all units in the vicinity of the detonation, and it may change terrain types as well. (`detonate`)

Construction:

- Research a given unit type. This increases the tech level for the type being researched. (`research`)
- Tool up to build a given unit type. (`toolup`)
- Create a unit of the given type in a given unit. The unit will usually be incomplete. (`create-in`)
- Create a unit of the given type at a given location. The unit will usually be incomplete. (`create-at`)
- Build a given unit towards completion. (`build`)
- Repair a given unit, restoring lost hp. (`repair`)

Unit Manipulation Group:

- Disband a given unit, causing it to disappear. (`disband`)
- Transfer part of a unit, either to another given unit, or to a new unit created by this action. (`transfer-part`)
- Change side of a given unit to a given side. (`change-side`)
- Change type of a given unit to a given type. (`change-type`)

Material Manipulation Group:

- Produce a given quantity of a given material type. (`produce`)
- Transfer a quantity of a given material type to a given unit. (`transfer`)

Terrain Manipulation Group:

- Add terrain of a given type to a given location. (`add-terrain`)
- Remove terrain of a given type from a given location. (`remove-terrain`)
- Alter terrain to a given type at a given location. (`alter-terrain`)

Normally, you as the player and the side simply tell units to perform these actions themselves. However, some games will allow the unit to cause the action to done as if another unit were doing the action. For instance, a transport can pick up or drop off a non-moving unit.

Not all interfaces can be guaranteed to allow the most general forms of all these actions; you must consult the interface's documentation to find out which of these actions is available.

### Movement

Movement into a cell is easy to request--interfaces let you do this with a keystroke or mouse click--but each game design will have many rules constraining possible moves, depending both on the unit and the terrain it is moving over. Certain kinds of terrain cost extra time to enter, leave, or cross. The destination must usually be adjacent to the unit's current location, and may be at any altitude.

The other kind of movement action is to enter/leave a transport. The only argument is the unit to enter, but again the constraints are complicated. The transport must have sufficient space, both the entering unit and the transport must have sufficient mp and acp to complete the move, and the entering unit must be able to cross the intervening terrain. The transport may be able to ferry the would-be occupant over any barriers; possibilities include no ferrying, ferrying only over the transport's terrain, ferrying over any borders, and ferrying over all terrain between the would-be occupant and the transport.

Although as with other actions, you use up action points to move, the cost of movement is based on movement points or mp. A unit's speed determines the relationship between acp and mp; most of unit have a speed of 1.00, so for them acp and mp are the same. However, a unit with a speed of 4.50 and 2 acp will be able to do moves costing up to 4.50 * 2 = 9 mp.

In some games, you may be able to make one of your units leave the world entirely. Sometimes this will seem like a good idea, perhaps to keep a trapped unit from falling into enemy hands, or because you win the game by leaving through a designated place. To do this, you just direct your unit (which must already be at the edge of the world) to move into one of the cells along the edge. If the departure is allowed, then the unit will simply vanish and be out of the game permanently.

In other games, you may be able to do a border slide. This is where a unit can jump to a non-adjacent cell if the two cells have a border whose endpoints touch the starting and ending cell. This is typically allowed in games so that ships can go through narrow straits without having to be "between cells" at any time.

### Combat

> War is a matter of vital importance to the State; the province of life or death; the road to survival or ruin. It is mandatory that it be thoroughly studied. -- SUN TZU (ca 400 BC)

There are two basic kinds of combat, each with two versions. A unit can either attack or overrun, meaning that it comes to grips with the enemy in some way, or it can fire, meaning that it keeps its position and throws rocks or whatever at a target.

Attack is directed at a particular unit, while overrun is a more complex action where the unit attempts to clear enough units from a given location so that it can move in.

A unit wishing to attack picks a position or unit to attack, Xconq computes the defender's response, then the outcome is computed.

(In future versions of Xconq, units may become locked in a "battle" and unable to do anything else until the battle is over or the unit has disengaged somehow.)

Firing can happen at long ranges, up to the `range` of a unit. It may or may not involve using a specific material as ammunition; if the game gives you a choice, you will have to choose which, or else all possible types will be used. You can fire at a specific unit if you can see it, otherwise you will have to fire into a cell; perhaps without knowing whether or not you're actually hitting anything in it. Some units may also have a `range-min` and cannot fire at anything that is closer than that range. (ICBMs and some kinds of artillery are limited in this way.)

Some units are capable of capturing other units, with a probability depending on the types of both units involved, and whether the unit being captured is independent or belongs to a side (`capture-chance` and `independent-capture-chance`). If the capture attempt is successful, the capturer will move into the cell if possible, either as occupant or transport. In some games, the capturer may be partially or even completely disbanded, to serve as the garrison. Capture may also occur as a side effect of a normal attack or overrun.

Detonation is a special kind of "combat" available to some units. The action requires a location, either the unit's own position or a nearby cell. Upon detonation, the detonating unit may lose some hp and even die (changing to its wrecked type, if defined, or else vanishing). At the same time, it makes one hit on any units within its radius of effect. Detonation may also be triggered automatically, such as by damage to the unit or even by another unit appearing nearby.

### Research

> Knowledge is power. -- FRANCIS BACON (1597)

Research increases a side's tech for the unit type being researched. Although you can only research a specific type of unit, some game designs allow for a crossover effect, where increases in the tech level for one type also increases the level in others.

You can have more than one researcher researching the same type, and thereby speed up your progress, but some games put a ceiling (`tech-per-turn`) on how much progress you can make in one turn.

### Construction

> We must be the great arsenal of democracy. -- FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT (1940)

Tooling up prepares a unit to create or construct the desired type. As with research, game designs may allow a crossover effect for tooling. Tooling may also decline gradually over time; this is called tooling attrition. Many games do not require tooling up.

Actual construction of a unit happens in two steps; creation and building towards completion. Most interfaces will also schedule research and toolup actions if a unit is told to build something that needs tech or tooling first.

Creation is the actual step of bringing a new unit into existence. If the new unit is complete, then it can be used immediately. If not (which is usually the case), then the incomplete unit will exist and belong to your side, but be unable to do anything at all. Incomplete transports cannot have any occupants, unless the occupants are types capable of helping complete the transport. Incomplete units always have 1 hp, so they're vulnerable to attack.

Completion is achieved by doing build actions on the unit. Multiple units can all work on completing the same unit, but they must be sufficiently close, within a range defined by the game (usually the same or an adjacent cell). In some games, there is a level of completion past which the unit will start working on itself automatically, and eventually become complete without any further action.

It is usually the case that the same unit will be able to both create and complete a unit, but if not, you will have to pay special attention to your construction plan, since an incomplete unit cannot act in any way. You would have to either transport the incomplete unit to a type that can complete it, or the completing unit must come to the incomplete one. Some games may allow the incomplete unit and its completer to be some distance apart, but the usual rule is that they must be in the same cell.

Note that multi-part units will be considered "complete" when just one of their parts is completed. Most interfaces will have the builder continue growing the just-completed unit as long as it remains within construction range.

### Repairing Units

Repair restores lost hit points to a unit. Repairs can be done by the damaged unit itself, if it is not too badly damaged, or by another unit that is close enough.

Some games also feature automatic hit point recovery (`hp-recovery`), so you don't always have to remember to do explicit repair actions.

### Disbanding Units

Disbanding is a voluntary loss of hp, ultimately resulting in the disappearance of the unit. Most games only allow it for a few types of units. Depending on the game, you may be able to disband the unit with one action, or you may need several before the unit actually goes away.

Units with occupants can disband, but only if the occupants are unaffected by the action. If the unit would vanish or lose transport capacity, then the occupants must be disbanded or removed first. (The interface may arrange to do this for you automatically.)

You always get back all of the disbanded unit's supplies, and they will be distributed to other units nearby. In addition, the disbanded unit itself may become a source of materials, according to the table `recycleable-material`. A percentage of the total material will become available after each action, if disbanding takes several actions to accomplish.

### Transferring Unit Parts

In games where units can vary in size, you can shift one or more parts of a multi-part unit to another unit, or else create an entirely new unit.

You would use this action if, for instance, you wanted to detach a survey party from an exploring expedition, then rejoin later.

### Changing Unit Side

In many games, you can give some of your units to another side. You may also be able to take them from another side, if you control that side.

Unlike other actions, you may be able to cause a unit to change side without actually needing any action points, if the type is one that cannot act on its own.

### Changing Unit Type

A few games allow you to change the type of a unit.

For instance, you might have this ability in a construction-oriented game, where you can take a town that has accumulated sufficient building materials and change it into a city. Another possibility is that you have increased your technology level and are now able to transform a low-tech ship into a higher-tech ship.

### Producing Materials

Production is how a unit can produce a quantity of a material.

In many games, units already have a base production that is the amount of material that they produce automatically each turn. This will often depend on the terrain, so that explorers in the forest will always "produce" enough water to drink each turn, but will start to use up their water supply when in the desert.

### Transferring Materials

Often there will be plenty of some type of material in the world, but the problem is getting it from the units that have it to the units that need it. The transfer action is how you move material supply from one unit to another.

As with production, many games have some automatic transfers set up. For instance, games involving aircraft generally refuel them automatically whenever the aircraft has landed in a place with fuel to spare. [Demands should be set by doctrine.]

### Changing the Terrain

In some games, units can add or remove borders, connections, or coatings, or may even be able to change the overall type of terrain in a cell. The actions are add-terrain, remove-terrain, and alter-terrain, respectively.

The change happens immediately (for the sake of simplicity), but in practice, you may find that preparing for the change may take awhile. For instance, the unit executing the change might have to accumulate acp or materials required for the change.

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