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QMainWindow Class Reference
[com.trolltech.qt.gui module]

The QMainWindow class provides a main application window. More...

Inherits QWidget.


Detailed Description

The QMainWindow class provides a main application window.

Qt Main Window Framework

A main window provides a framework for building an application's user interface. Qt has QMainWindow and its related classes for main window management. QMainWindow has its own layout to which you can add QToolBars, QDockWidgets, a QMenuBar, and a QStatusBar. The layout has a center area that can be occupied by any kind of widget. You can see an image of the layout below.

Creating Main Window Components

A central widget will typically be a standard Qt widget such as a QTextEdit or a QGraphicsView. Custom widgets can also be used for advanced applications. You set the central widget with setCentralWidget().

Main windows have either a single (SDI) or multiple (MDI) document interface. You create MDI applications in Qt by using a QMdiArea as the central widget.

We will now examine each of the other widgets that can be added to a main window. We give examples on how to create and add them.

Creating Menus

Qt implements menus in QMenu and QMainWindow keeps them in a QMenuBar. QActions are added to the menus, which display them as menu items.

You can add new menus to the main window's menu bar by calling menuBar(), which returns the QMenuBar for the window, and then add a menu with QMenuBar::addMenu().

QMainWindow comes with a default menu bar, but you can also set one yourself with setMenuBar(). If you wish to implement a custom menu bar (i.e., not use the QMenuBar widget), you can set it with setMenuWidget().

An example of how to create menus follows:

    void MainWindow::createMenus()
    {
        fileMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("&File"));
        fileMenu->addAction(newAct);
        fileMenu->addAction(openAct);
        fileMenu->addAction(saveAct);

The createPopupMenu() function creates popup menus when the main window receives context menu events. The default implementation generates a menu with the checkable actions from the dock widgets and toolbars. You can reimplement createPopupMenu() for a custom menu.

Creating Toolbars

Toolbars are implemented in the QToolBar class. You add a toolbar to a main window with addToolBar().

You control the initial position of toolbars by assigning them to a specific Qt::ToolBarArea. You can split an area by inserting a toolbar break - think of this as a line break in text editing - with addToolBarBreak() or insertToolBarBreak(). You can also restrict placement by the user with QToolBar::setAllowedAreas() and QToolBar::setMovable().

The size of toolbar icons can be retrieved with iconSize(). The sizes are platform dependent; you can set a fixed size with setIconSize(). You can alter the appearance of all tool buttons in the toolbars with setToolButtonStyle().

An example of toolbar creation follows:

    void MainWindow::createToolBars()
    {
        fileToolBar = addToolBar(tr("File"));
        fileToolBar->addAction(newAct);

Creating Dock Widgets

Dock widgets are implemented in the QDockWidget class. A dock widget is a window that can be docked into the main window. You add dock widgets to a main window with addDockWidget().

There are four dock widget areas as given by the Qt::DockWidgetArea enum: left, right, top, and bottom. You can specify which dock widget area that should occupy the corners where the areas overlap with setDockWidgetCorner(). By default each area can only contain one row (vertical or horizontal) of dock widgets, but if you enable nesting with setDockNestingEnabled(), dock widgets can be added in either direction.

Two dock widgets may also be stacked on top of each other. A QTabBar is then used to select which of the widgets that should be displayed.

We give an example of how to create and add dock widgets to a main window:

        QDockWidget *dockWidget = new QDockWidget(tr("Dock Widget"), this);
        dockWidget->setAllowedAreas(Qt::LeftDockWidgetArea |
                                    Qt::RightDockWidgetArea);
        dockWidget->setWidget(dockWidgetContents);
        addDockWidget(Qt::LeftDockWidgetArea, dockWidget);

The Status Bar

You can set a status bar with setStatusBar(), but one is created the first time statusBar() (which returns the main window's status bar) is called. See QStatusBar for information on how to use it.

Storing State

QMainWindow can store the state of its layout with saveState(); it can later be retrieved with restoreState(). It is the position and size (relative to the size of the main window) of the toolbars and dock widgets that are stored.

See also QMenuBar, QToolBar, QStatusBar, QDockWidget, Application Example, Dock Widgets Example, MDI Example, SDI Example, and Menus Example.


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Qt Jambi 4.3.4_01