This is Info file libc.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.67 from the
input file libc.texinfo.

   This file documents the GNU C library.

   This is Edition 0.07 DRAFT, last updated 4 Oct 1996, of `The GNU C
Library Reference Manual', for Version 2.00 Beta.

   Copyright (C) 1993, '94, '95, '96 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
that the section entitled "GNU Library General Public License" is
included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions, except that the text of the translation of the section
entitled "GNU Library General Public License" must be approved for
accuracy by the Foundation.


Indirect:
libc.info-1: 1168
libc.info-2: 50053
libc.info-3: 97376
libc.info-4: 147126
libc.info-5: 194774
libc.info-6: 239150
libc.info-7: 286703
libc.info-8: 336066
libc.info-9: 381027
libc.info-10: 429702
libc.info-11: 479402
libc.info-12: 528783
libc.info-13: 577662
libc.info-14: 626720
libc.info-15: 676243
libc.info-16: 725926
libc.info-17: 774555
libc.info-18: 821711
libc.info-19: 869204
libc.info-20: 919111
libc.info-21: 968973
libc.info-22: 1016058
libc.info-23: 1063570
libc.info-24: 1113305
libc.info-25: 1163074
libc.info-26: 1212949
libc.info-27: 1261242
libc.info-28: 1310140
libc.info-29: 1416050
libc.info-30: 1458906
libc.info-31: 1485770
libc.info-32: 1535838
libc.info-33: 1573075

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1168
Node: Introduction40400
Node: Getting Started41748
Node: Standards and Portability43208
Node: ISO C44593
Node: POSIX46110
Node: Berkeley Unix47790
Node: SVID48558
Node: Using the Library49330
Node: Header Files50053
Node: Macro Definitions54005
Node: Reserved Names56355
Node: Feature Test Macros61037
Node: Roadmap to the Manual66921
Node: Error Reporting74134
Node: Checking for Errors75062
Node: Error Codes79277
Node: Error Messages97376
Node: Memory Allocation102987
Node: Memory Concepts103924
Node: Dynamic Allocation and C105194
Node: Unconstrained Allocation107278
Node: Basic Allocation108717
Node: Malloc Examples110421
Node: Freeing after Malloc112377
Node: Changing Block Size114193
Node: Allocating Cleared Space116720
Node: Efficiency and Malloc117728
Node: Aligned Memory Blocks118818
Node: Malloc Tunable Parameters120198
Node: Heap Consistency Checking121861
Node: Hooks for Malloc124658
Node: Statistics of Malloc126907
Node: Summary of Malloc128840
Node: Obstacks130789
Node: Creating Obstacks132407
Node: Preparing for Obstacks134306
Node: Allocation in an Obstack136646
Node: Freeing Obstack Objects139313
Node: Obstack Functions140649
Node: Growing Objects142879
Node: Extra Fast Growing147126
Node: Status of an Obstack150745
Node: Obstacks Data Alignment152164
Node: Obstack Chunks153850
Node: Summary of Obstacks156207
Node: Variable Size Automatic159621
Node: Alloca Example161177
Node: Advantages of Alloca162294
Node: Disadvantages of Alloca164186
Node: GNU C Variable-Size Arrays164931
Node: Relocating Allocator166089
Node: Relocator Concepts166627
Node: Using Relocator168140
Node: Character Handling169525
Node: Classification of Characters170474
Node: Case Conversion174135
Node: String and Array Utilities175983
Node: Representation of Strings177794
Node: String/Array Conventions180736
Node: String Length182568
Node: Copying and Concatenation183553
Node: String/Array Comparison194774
Node: Collation Functions199836
Node: Search Functions206798
Node: Finding Tokens in a String211069
Node: I/O Overview217211
Node: I/O Concepts218724
Node: Streams and File Descriptors219869
Node: File Position222960
Node: File Names225094
Node: Directories225980
Node: File Name Resolution227717
Node: File Name Errors230646
Node: File Name Portability232195
Node: I/O on Streams234187
Node: Streams236143
Node: Standard Streams237484
Node: Opening Streams239150
Node: Closing Streams245007
Node: Simple Output247551
Node: Character Input249887
Node: Line Input252996
Node: Unreading257984
Node: Unreading Idea258793
Node: How Unread259619
Node: Block Input/Output262102
Node: Formatted Output264331
Node: Formatted Output Basics266098
Node: Output Conversion Syntax268591
Node: Table of Output Conversions272317
Node: Integer Conversions274850
Node: Floating-Point Conversions279514
Node: Other Output Conversions283543
Node: Formatted Output Functions286703
Node: Dynamic Output290384
Node: Variable Arguments Output292021
Node: Parsing a Template String297533
Node: Example of Parsing301360
Node: Customizing Printf303648
Node: Registering New Conversions305497
Node: Conversion Specifier Options307488
Node: Defining the Output Handler311161
Node: Printf Extension Example313627
Node: Formatted Input315935
Node: Formatted Input Basics317014
Node: Input Conversion Syntax319694
Node: Table of Input Conversions323056
Node: Numeric Input Conversions325353
Node: String Input Conversions329131
Node: Dynamic String Input333224
Node: Other Input Conversions334414
Node: Formatted Input Functions336066
Node: Variable Arguments Input337632
Node: EOF and Errors339267
Node: Binary Streams341487
Node: File Positioning344011
Node: Portable Positioning347844
Node: Stream Buffering351315
Node: Buffering Concepts352900
Node: Flushing Buffers354263
Node: Controlling Buffering355759
Node: Other Kinds of Streams360194
Node: String Streams361456
Node: Obstack Streams365576
Node: Custom Streams367610
Node: Streams and Cookies368263
Node: Hook Functions371310
Node: Low-Level I/O373696
Node: Opening and Closing Files376348
Node: I/O Primitives381027
Node: File Position Primitive389280
Node: Descriptors and Streams394715
Node: Stream/Descriptor Precautions397135
Node: Linked Channels398342
Node: Independent Channels399570
Node: Cleaning Streams401473
Node: Waiting for I/O403676
Node: Control Operations411427
Node: Duplicating Descriptors413711
Node: Descriptor Flags417973
Node: File Status Flags421379
Node: Access Modes422833
Node: Open-time Flags425122
Node: Operating Modes429702
Node: Getting File Status Flags432468
Node: File Locks435079
Node: Interrupt Input443982
Node: File System Interface446401
Node: Working Directory447801
Node: Accessing Directories451555
Node: Directory Entries452964
Node: Opening a Directory455764
Node: Reading/Closing Directory457456
Node: Simple Directory Lister460390
Node: Random Access Directory461408
Node: Scanning Directory Content462910
Node: Simple Directory Lister Mark II465165
Node: Hard Links466286
Node: Symbolic Links469079
Node: Deleting Files472845
Node: Renaming Files475775
Node: Creating Directories479402
Node: File Attributes481150
Node: Attribute Meanings482646
Node: Reading Attributes487729
Node: Testing File Type489631
Node: File Owner492847
Node: Permission Bits496540
Node: Access Permission501647
Node: Setting Permissions502797
Node: Testing File Access508012
Node: File Times511655
Node: Making Special Files516163
Node: Temporary Files517840
Node: Pipes and FIFOs524047
Node: Creating a Pipe525630
Node: Pipe to a Subprocess528783
Node: FIFO Special Files531623
Node: Pipe Atomicity533196
Node: Sockets534080
Node: Socket Concepts535955
Node: Communication Styles539169
Node: Socket Addresses541021
Node: Address Formats543062
Node: Setting Address545745
Node: Reading Address547449
Node: File Namespace549207
Node: File Namespace Concepts549697
Node: File Namespace Details551292
Node: File Socket Example552906
Node: Internet Namespace554230
Node: Internet Address Format555957
Node: Host Addresses557326
Node: Abstract Host Addresses558386
Node: Host Address Data Type561179
Node: Host Address Functions563070
Node: Host Names565497
Node: Ports570509
Node: Services Database572547
Node: Byte Order575374
Node: Protocols Database577662
Node: Inet Example581203
Node: Misc Namespaces583233
Node: Open/Close Sockets583983
Node: Creating a Socket584481
Node: Closing a Socket586149
Node: Socket Pairs587679
Node: Connections589689
Node: Connecting590783
Node: Listening593339
Node: Accepting Connections595424
Node: Who is Connected598280
Node: Transferring Data599376
Node: Sending Data600486
Node: Receiving Data602734
Node: Socket Data Options604198
Node: Byte Stream Example605061
Node: Server Example607039
Node: Out-of-Band Data611086
Node: Datagrams616940
Node: Sending Datagrams617969
Node: Receiving Datagrams619626
Node: Datagram Example621427
Node: Example Receiver623345
Node: Inetd625912
Node: Inetd Servers626720
Node: Configuring Inetd627963
Node: Socket Options630637
Node: Socket Option Functions631345
Node: Socket-Level Options632903
Node: Networks Database636537
Node: Low-Level Terminal Interface639399
Node: Is It a Terminal640734
Node: I/O Queues641950
Node: Canonical or Not643920
Node: Terminal Modes645767
Node: Mode Data Types647043
Node: Mode Functions648871
Node: Setting Modes652811
Node: Input Modes654799
Node: Output Modes660066
Node: Control Modes661679
Node: Local Modes665769
Node: Line Speed672083
Node: Special Characters676243
Node: Editing Characters678155
Node: Signal Characters682496
Node: Start/Stop Characters685365
Node: Other Special687236
Node: Noncanonical Input689050
Node: Line Control693863
Node: Noncanon Example698175
Node: Mathematics700370
Node: Domain and Range Errors701574
Node: Trig Functions704797
Node: Inverse Trig Functions706167
Node: Exponents and Logarithms708605
Node: Hyperbolic Functions711506
Node: Pseudo-Random Numbers713085
Node: ISO Random714671
Node: BSD Random715844
Node: Arithmetic717761
Node: Not a Number718670
Node: Predicates on Floats720012
Node: Absolute Value721586
Node: Normalization Functions723084
Node: Rounding and Remainders725926
Node: Integer Division729294
Node: Parsing of Numbers731444
Node: Parsing of Integers732096
Node: Parsing of Floats739571
Node: Searching and Sorting744035
Node: Comparison Functions744826
Node: Array Search Function745940
Node: Array Sort Function747363
Node: Search/Sort Example749335
Node: Pattern Matching752785
Node: Wildcard Matching753587
Node: Globbing756465
Node: Calling Glob757255
Node: Flags for Globbing760836
Node: Regular Expressions764334
Node: POSIX Regexp Compilation765318
Node: Flags for POSIX Regexps769433
Node: Matching POSIX Regexps770340
Node: Regexp Subexpressions772501
Node: Subexpression Complications774555
Node: Regexp Cleanup776914
Node: Word Expansion779240
Node: Expansion Stages780408
Node: Calling Wordexp781901
Node: Flags for Wordexp785864
Node: Wordexp Example787817
Node: Date and Time789792
Node: Processor Time790916
Node: Basic CPU Time791674
Node: Detailed CPU Time793693
Node: Calendar Time796158
Node: Simple Calendar Time797736
Node: High-Resolution Calendar799493
Node: Broken-down Time805213
Node: Formatting Date and Time810429
Node: TZ Variable821711
Node: Time Zone Functions827772
Node: Time Functions Example830441
Node: Setting an Alarm831556
Node: Sleeping836783
Node: Resource Usage839439
Node: Limits on Resources842950
Node: Priority847338
Node: Extended Characters850600
Node: Extended Char Intro852208
Node: Locales and Extended Chars854145
Node: Multibyte Char Intro855195
Node: Wide Char Intro862489
Node: Wide String Conversion864256
Node: Length of Char867493
Node: Converting One Char869204
Node: Example of Conversion872601
Node: Shift State875491
Node: Locales878144
Node: Effects of Locale879712
Node: Choosing Locale881648
Node: Locale Categories882972
Node: Setting the Locale884619
Node: Standard Locales888513
Node: Numeric Formatting889753
Node: General Numeric891263
Node: Currency Symbol894185
Node: Sign of Money Amount898795
Node: Non-Local Exits901099
Node: Non-Local Intro901718
Node: Non-Local Details905445
Node: Non-Local Exits and Signals908521
Node: Signal Handling909991
Node: Concepts of Signals912026
Node: Kinds of Signals912590
Node: Signal Generation913987
Node: Delivery of Signal916254
Node: Standard Signals919111
Node: Program Error Signals920704
Node: Termination Signals928162
Node: Alarm Signals932000
Node: Asynchronous I/O Signals933240
Node: Job Control Signals934431
Node: Operation Error Signals939043
Node: Miscellaneous Signals940982
Node: Signal Messages942678
Node: Signal Actions944564
Node: Basic Signal Handling945509
Node: Advanced Signal Handling950442
Node: Signal and Sigaction953398
Node: Sigaction Function Example955150
Node: Flags for Sigaction957466
Node: Initial Signal Actions959844
Node: Defining Handlers961227
Node: Handler Returns963412
Node: Termination in Handler965462
Node: Longjmp in Handler966878
Node: Signals in Handler968973
Node: Merged Signals971093
Node: Nonreentrancy976803
Node: Atomic Data Access982351
Node: Non-atomic Example983387
Node: Atomic Types985158
Node: Atomic Usage986166
Node: Interrupted Primitives987636
Node: Generating Signals990936
Node: Signaling Yourself991529
Node: Signaling Another Process993511
Node: Permission for kill996894
Node: Kill Example998690
Node: Blocking Signals1001034
Node: Why Block1002806
Node: Signal Sets1004343
Node: Process Signal Mask1007369
Node: Testing for Delivery1010377
Node: Blocking for Handler1011627
Node: Checking for Pending Signals1014046
Node: Remembering a Signal1016058
Node: Waiting for a Signal1019607
Node: Using Pause1020152
Node: Pause Problems1021372
Node: Sigsuspend1023096
Node: Signal Stack1025806
Node: BSD Signal Handling1031150
Node: BSD Handler1032424
Node: Blocking in BSD1034858
Node: Process Startup1036312
Node: Program Arguments1037347
Node: Argument Syntax1040076
Node: Parsing Options1042706
Node: Example of Getopt1045997
Node: Long Options1048713
Node: Long Option Example1052774
Node: Suboptions1055623
Node: Suboptions Example1057572
Node: Environment Variables1059667
Node: Environment Access1061528
Node: Standard Environment1063570
Node: Program Termination1067253
Node: Normal Termination1068472
Node: Exit Status1069698
Node: Cleanups on Exit1072719
Node: Aborting a Program1074536
Node: Termination Internals1075435
Node: Processes1077211
Node: Running a Command1079234
Node: Process Creation Concepts1080727
Node: Process Identification1082737
Node: Creating a Process1083661
Node: Executing a File1087277
Node: Process Completion1094312
Node: Process Completion Status1099321
Node: BSD Wait Functions1100965
Node: Process Creation Example1102857
Node: Job Control1105107
Node: Concepts of Job Control1106387
Node: Job Control is Optional1109744
Node: Controlling Terminal1110794
Node: Access to the Terminal1111701
Node: Orphaned Process Groups1113305
Node: Implementing a Shell1114297
Node: Data Structures1115180
Node: Initializing the Shell1117823
Node: Launching Jobs1121559
Node: Foreground and Background1129012
Node: Stopped and Terminated Jobs1132121
Node: Continuing Stopped Jobs1137303
Node: Missing Pieces1138930
Node: Functions for Job Control1140554
Node: Identifying the Terminal1141034
Node: Process Group Functions1142608
Node: Terminal Access Functions1146160
Node: Name Service Switch1149061
Node: NSS Basics1150392
Node: NSS Configuration File1151987
Node: Services in the NSS configuration1153685
Node: Actions in the NSS configuration1154966
Node: Notes on NSS Configuration File1158125
Node: NSS Module Internals1160001
Node: NSS Module Names1160697
Node: NSS Modules Interface1163074
Node: Extending NSS1166603
Node: Adding another Service to NSS1167534
Node: NSS Module Function Internals1169753
Node: Users and Groups1174154
Node: User and Group IDs1176630
Node: Process Persona1177537
Node: Why Change Persona1179048
Node: How Change Persona1180929
Node: Reading Persona1182411
Node: Setting User ID1184681
Node: Setting Groups1186891
Node: Enable/Disable Setuid1189448
Node: Setuid Program Example1191487
Node: Tips for Setuid1194956
Node: Who Logged In1197044
Node: User Database1199212
Node: User Data Structure1199873
Node: Lookup User1201152
Node: Scanning All Users1204242
Node: Writing a User Entry1207621
Node: Group Database1208520
Node: Group Data Structure1209107
Node: Lookup Group1209893
Node: Scanning All Groups1212949
Node: Netgroup Database1216230
Node: Netgroup Data1216664
Node: Lookup Netgroup1218228
Node: Netgroup Membership1221640
Node: Database Example1222970
Node: System Information1225144
Node: Host Identification1225741
Node: Hardware/Software Type ID1228960
Node: System Configuration1231659
Node: General Limits1233226
Node: System Options1236865
Node: Version Supported1240197
Node: Sysconf1242034
Node: Sysconf Definition1242670
Node: Constants for Sysconf1243342
Node: Examples of Sysconf1246475
Node: Minimums1247468
Node: Limits for Files1249544
Node: Options for Files1252546
Node: File Minimums1254835
Node: Pathconf1256497
Node: Utility Limits1259184
Node: Utility Minimums1261242
Node: String Parameters1262994
Node: Language Features1265048
Node: Consistency Checking1265979
Node: Variadic Functions1270617
Node: Why Variadic1271689
Node: How Variadic1273654
Node: Variadic Prototypes1274943
Node: Receiving Arguments1276101
Node: How Many Arguments1278815
Node: Calling Variadics1280486
Node: Argument Macros1282623
Node: Variadic Example1284263
Node: Old Varargs1285415
Node: Null Pointer Constant1287085
Node: Important Data Types1288170
Node: Data Type Measurements1290736
Node: Width of Type1291593
Node: Range of Type1292499
Node: Floating Type Macros1295763
Node: Floating Point Concepts1297023
Node: Floating Point Parameters1300758
Node: IEEE Floating Point1307692
Node: Structure Measurement1309445
Node: Library Summary1310140
Node: Maintenance1416050
Node: Installation1416795
Node: Tools for Installation1423641
Node: Supported Configurations1424729
Node: Reporting Bugs1426722
Node: Source Layout1429099
Node: Porting1433055
Node: Hierarchy Conventions1440843
Node: Porting to Unix1445763
Node: Contributors1447608
Node: Copying1458906
Node: Concept Index1485770
Node: Type Index1535838
Node: Function Index1540628
Node: Variable Index1573075
Node: File Index1604445

End Tag Table
