abbr abbreviation contains an abbreviation of any sort. expan expansion gives an expansion of the abbreviation. CDATA any string of characters #IMPLIED Rd. ]]>

Only one expansion may be given for an abbreviation; if different expansions are to be proposed, the tags for critical apparatus should be used. resp responsibility identifies the individual responsible for the interpretation given the abbreviation. CDATA any string of characters, usually the initials of the individual, if known, or a descriptive phrase (e.g. 16c hand) if not. #IMPLIED Rd. ]]>

If no expansion is given, the resp attribute has no meaning. type allows the encoder to classify the abbreviation according to some convenient typology. CDATA suspension the abbreviation provides the first letter(s) of the word or phrase, omitting the remainder. contraction the abbreviation omits some letter(s) in the middle. brevigraph the abbreviation comprises a special symbol or mark. superscription the abbreviation includes writing above the line. acronym the abbreviation comprises the initial letters of the words of a phrase. title the abbreviation is for a title of address (Dr, Ms, Mr, ...) organization the abbreviation is for the name of an organization. geographic the abbreviation is for a geographic name. #IMPLIED RSVP SPQR &per; yr hbl servt ]]>

The type attribute is provided for the sake of those who wish to classify abbreviations at their point of occurrence; this may be useful in some circumstances, though usually the same abbreviation will have the same type in all occurrences. As the sample values make clear, abbreviations may be classified by the method used to construct them, the method of writing them, or the referent of the term abbreviated; the typology used is up to the encoder and should be carefully planned to meet the needs of the expected use. SPQR ]]>

This tag is the mirror image of the expan tag; both allow the encoder to transcribe both an abbreviation and its expansion. In abbr, however, the original is transcribed as the content of the element and the expansion as an attribute value; expan reverses this. The choice between the two is up to the user.

The abbr tag is not required; if appropriate, the encoder may transcribe abbreviations in the source text silently, without tagging them. If abbreviations are not transcribed directly but expanded silently, then the TEI header should so indicate.

For a typology of ME abbreviations, see A. G. Petty, English literary hands from Chaucer to Dryden (London: Edward Arnold, 1977), pp. 22-25. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> add addition contains letters, words, or phrases inserted in the text by a scribe, annotator, corrector, editor, or encoder. place if the the addition is written into the copy text, indicates where the additional text is written. CDATA inline addition is made in a space left in the witness by an earlier scribe supralinear addition is made above the line infralinear addition is made below the line left addition is made in left margin right addition is made in right margin top addition is made in top margin bottom addition is made in bottom margin opposite addition is made on opposite page verso addition is made on verso of sheet mixed addition is made somewhere, one or more of other values #IMPLIED

For additions made by editors or encoders, no location need be specified. resp responsible identifies the individual responsible for the addition. CDATA Any string of characters, e.g. hand 1, hand 2, author, etc., or the initials of individuals known by name. #IMPLIED

additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %specialPara; ]]> ]]> address contains a postal or other address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual via Marsala 24 40126 Bologna Italy ]]> P.O. Box 6998 Chicago Illinois 60680 USA ]]>

This is a general purpose crystal: it may be given only using the defined substructural elements. To tag addresses in running text without this substructure, use the place element. base tag set for common core features If given as running prose, use a consistent format wherever possible, for example separating lines of the address by commas, and including any postal code in the standard form. indiv organization city country org postbox postcode region street ]]> ]]> agent agent (individual or corporate body) defines a group of elements which contain names of individuals or corporate bodies.

This class is used in the resp element, to allow a statement of responsibility to apply to an individual or a body. base tag set for common core features analytic analytic level contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. an article or poem) published within a monograph or journal and not as an independent publication.

The analytic element may occur only within bibliographic citation or reference elements; it is mandatory for description of the analytic level of bibl.struct elements. base tag set for common core features May contain titles and statements of responsibility (author, editor, or other), in any order. bibl.struct author editor resp title ]]> ]]> author primary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of a single author, institution or organization, or of several such. British Broadcasting Corporation La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de (1634-1693) ]]>

Particularly where cataloguing is likely to be based on the content of the header, it is advisable to use generally recognized authority lists for the exact form of personal names.

In the case of a broadcast, use this element for the name of the company or network which broadcasts the program. base tag set for common core features Any string of characters and phrase-level tags. analytic monogr %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> bibl bibliographic citation contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to Literature in English (Yale, 1990) ]]> The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood. In Victor E Neuberg, The Penny Histories. OUP 1968. ]]> base tag set for common core features Contains either just prose, or any combination of elements from the citation class list.bibl %m.bibl.part; %m.phrase; #PCDATA ]]> ]]> bibl bibliographic elements.

base tag set for common core features bibl.part bibliographic citation part elements which can appear within bibliographic citations, but cannot appear freely in running text outside bibliographic citations.

This class is used in defining the content model of bibl. base tag set for common core features bibl.full contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description save the source description are present. Blain, Virginia Clements, Patricia Grundy, Isobel The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages to the present </title.stmt> <edition.stmt> <edition>UK edition</edition> <extent>1231 pp</extent> <publication.stmt> <creation.date>1990 <publisher>Yale University Press <place>New Haven and London <date>1990 </publication.stmt> <source.desc>No source: this is an original work</source.desc> </bibl.full> ]]> </eg></exemplum> <remarks></remarks> <part>base tag set for common core features</part> <classes names='clbibl'> <files names=""> <datadesc></datadesc> <parents>list.bibl </parents> <children>edition.stmt extent notes.stmt publication.stmt series.stmt source.desc title.stmt </children> <elemdecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ELEMENT bibl.full - o (title.stmt, edition.stmt?, extent?, publication.stmt, series.stmt?, notes.stmt?, source.desc*) > ]]> </elemdecl> <attldecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ATTLIST bibl.full %a.global; > ]]> </attldecl> <xref target='CObi'> <xref target=HD3> </tagdoc> <tagdoc usage=opt id="biblscop"><gi>biblScope</gi> <name>scope of citation</name> <desc>defines the scope of a bibliographic reference, for example as a list of pagenumbers, or a named subdivision of a larger work. </desc> <attlist> <!-- ................................................... type --> <attDef usage=opt> <attname>type <desc>identifies the type of information conveyed by the element, e.g. <q>pages</q>, <q>volume</q>. <datatype>CDATA <vallist type=semi> <val>volume <desc>the element contains a volume number. <val>issue <desc>the element contains an issue number, or volume and issue numbers. <val>pages <desc>the element contains a page number or page range. <val>chapter<desc>the element contains a chapter indication (number and/or title) <val>part <desc>the element identifies a part of a book or collection. </vallist> <default>#IMPLIED <eg><![ CDATA [ ]]> </eg> <remarks><p> </attDef> </attlist> <exemplum><eg><![ CDATA [ <biblScope>pp 12-34 ]]> </eg><exemplum> <eg><![ CDATA[ <biblScope>Volume 2 "My apprenticeship" ]]> </eg><remarks></remarks> <part>base tag set for common core features</part> <classes names='biblpart'> <files names=""> <parents>imprint monogr series </parents> <children>%phrase.seq </children> <elemdecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ELEMENT biblScope - o (%phrase.seq) > ]]> </elemdecl> <attldecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ATTLIST biblScope %a.global; type CDATA #IMPLIED > ]]> </attldecl> <xref target=CObi> </tagdoc> <tagdoc usage=opt id="biblstru"><gi>bibl.struct</gi> <name>structured bibliographic citation</name> <desc>contains a structured bibliographic citation, in which only bibliographic subelements appear and in a specified order. </desc> <attlist> </attlist> <exemplum><eg><![ CDATA[ <bibl.struct> <monogr> <author>Blain, Virginia <author>Clements, Patricia <author>Grundy, Isobel <title>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages to the present</> <imprint><publisher>Yale University Press</> <city>New Haven and London</> <date>1990</> </monogr> </bibl.struct> ]]> </eg></exemplum> <remarks></remarks> <part>base tag set for common core features</part> <classes names='clbibl'> <files names=""> <datadesc></datadesc> <parents>list.bibl </parents> <children>analytic idno monogr note series </children> <elemdecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ELEMENT bibl.struct - o (analytic?, (monogr, series*)+, (note | idno)*) > ]]> </elemdecl> <attldecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ATTLIST bibl.struct %a.global; > ]]> </attldecl> <xref target='CObi'> </tagdoc> <classDoc id=chunk type=model> <class>chunk</class> <desc>includes all elements which can occur between, but not within, paragraphs and other chunks.</desc> <attlist> </attlist> <remarks><p>This element class does not contain all those elements which can appear between chunks: the class <term>inter</term> contains a set of elements which can appear either within or between chunks. Unlike elements of that class, chunks cannot occur within chunks. In prose, this means the elements in this class can appear between but not within paragraphs. <part>base tag set for common core features</part> <classes> <files names=" teicore2"> <xref target=STec> </classdoc> <entDoc id=chkseq type=pe> <entName>chunk.seq <name>chunk sequence <desc>defines a sequence of <term>chunks</term>, i.e. of paragraph-level elements of the class <term>chunk</term> or of the class <term>inter</term>. <remarks><p> <string>'(%m.inter; | %m.chunk;)*'</string> <xref target=STec> </entDoc><tagdoc usage=opt id="city"><gi>city</gi> <name>city</name> <desc>contains the name of a town, city or village occurring within an address or imprint. </desc> <attlist> </attlist> <exemplum><eg><![ CDATA [ <city>London <city>Truth or Consequences ]]> </eg></exemplum> <remarks></remarks> <part>base tag set for common core features</part> <classes names='biblpart'> <files names=""> <parents>address </parents> <children>%phrase.seq </children> <elemdecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ELEMENT city - o (%phrase.seq) > ]]> </elemdecl> <attldecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ATTLIST city %a.global; > ]]> </attldecl> <xref target=CObi> </tagdoc> <tagDoc id=pl.col usage=opt> <gi>col</gi> <name>column <desc>contains one column of a multi-column reference edition. <attlist> </attlist> <exemplum><eg><![ CDATA [ <(La)page n=32> <(La)col n=a> ... <(La)col n=b> ... <(La)page n=33> ... ]]> </eg></exemplum> <remarks><p>The <gi>col</gi> tag should be used wherever a standard reference scheme uses references to individual columns of a reference edition; otherwise it need not be used. <part>base tag set for physical description of the copy text</part> <classes> <files names=""> <datadesc>May contain <gi>line</gi> elements, or character data. <parents>page </parents> <children>#PCDATA line </children> <elemdecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ELEMENT col - O (#PCDATA | line)* > ]]> </elemdecl> <attldecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ATTLIST col %a.global; > ]]> </attldecl> <xref type=div3 target=COrs3> </tagdoc> <tagDoc id=corr usage=opt> <gi>corr</gi> <name>correction <desc>contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text. <attlist> <attDef usage=opt> <attname>sic <desc>gives the original form of the apparent error in the copy text. <datatype>CDATA <valdesc>any string of characters <default>#IMPLIED <eg><![ CDATA [ for his nose was as sharp as a pen, and <corr sic="a Table"> a' babbled</corr> of green fields. ]]> </eg> </attDef> <attDef usage=opt> <attname>resp <name>responsibility <desc>identifies the individual responsible for the correct form given. <datatype>CDATA <valdesc>Sample values include <q>ed</q>, <q>scribe</q>, or the initials of the individual in question. <default>#IMPLIED <eg><![ CDATA [ ]]> </eg> </attDef> </attlist> <exemplum><p>If all that is desired is to call attention to the fact that the copy text has been corrected, no attributes are required:</p> <eg><![ CDATA [ I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now — how <corr>can we</corr> prove or disprove anyone's theories? ]]> </eg></exemplum> <exemplum><p>It is also possible to provide a correct reading and to identify the individual responsible for the correction:</p> <eg><![ CDATA [ I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now — how <corr sic='we can' resp='MSM'>can we</corr> prove or disprove anyone's theories? ]]> </eg></exemplum> <remarks><p>The <gi>corr</gi> tag is a mirror of <gi>sic</gi>: the latter leaves the original text untouched, giving the correction as an attribute value; the former substitutes the correction, leaving the original reading as an attribute value. The choice between them is up to the encoder. <part>additional tag set for common core features</part> <classes names=edit> <files names=""> <datadesc>May contain character data and phrase-level elements. <parents> </parents> <children>%specialPara; </children> <elemdecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ELEMENT corr - - (%specialPara;) > ]]> </elemdecl> <attldecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ATTLIST corr %a.global; sic CDATA #IMPLIED resp CDATA #IMPLIED > ]]> </attldecl> <xref type=div3 target=COedcor> </tagdoc> <tagdoc usage=opt id="country"><gi>country</gi> <name>country</name> <desc>contains the largest geographic, administrative or political unit identified within an address. </desc> <attlist> </attlist> <exemplum><eg><![ CDATA [ <country>Bosnia-Herzegovina ]]> </eg></exemplum> <exemplum><eg><![ CDATA [ <country n=DK>Denmark ]]> </eg></exemplum> <remarks><p>Values for identifying attributes should be taken from recognised lists of abbreviations, e.g. ISO 3166. </remarks> <part>base tag set for common core features</part> <classes> <files names=""> <parents>address </parents> <children>%soup </children> <elemdecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ELEMENT country - o (%soup) > ]]> </elemdecl> <attldecl> <![ CDATA [ <!ATTLIST country %a.global; > ]]> </attldecl> <xref target=CObi> </tagdoc> <classdoc type=model ID=data><class>data</class> <desc>phrase-level elements containing names, dates, numbers, measures, and similar data. </desc> <attlist></attlist> <remarks><p></remarks> <part>base tag set for common core features</part> <classes names=phrase> <files names=" teicore2"> <xref target=COna> </classdoc> <tagDoc id=date usage=opt> <gi>date</gi> <desc>contains a date in any format. <attlist> <attDef usage=opt> <attname>calendar <desc>indicates the system or calendar to which the date belongs. <datatype>CDATA <valdesc>Recommended values include: <term>Gregorian</term>, <term>Julian</term>, <term>Roman</term>, <term>Mosaic</term>, <term>Revolutionary</term>, <term>Islamic</term>. </valdesc> <default>#IMPLIED <eg><![ CDATA [ He was born on <date calendar=Gregorian>Feb. 22, 1732</date> (<date calendar=Julian value='1732-2-22'>Feb. 11, 1731/32, O.S.</date>). ]]> <!-- Entry on George Washington, Columbia Encyclopedia, 2d ed. --> <!-- ed. William Bridgwater and Elizabeth J. Sherwood --> <!-- (Morningside Heights: Columbia UP, 1950), p. 2111 --> </eg> </attDef> <attDef usage=opt> <attname>value <desc>gives the value of the date in some standard form, usually yyyy-mm-dd. <datatype>CDATA <valdesc>Any string representing a date in standard format; recommended form is <q>yyyy-mm-dd</q>, as defined by ISO 8601: 1988, <title>Data elements and interchange formats --- Information interchange --- Representation of dates and times. #IMPLIED 27th of May (old style). ]]>

For simple dates, the value should give the Gregorian date in the form (yyyy-mm-dd) specified by ISO 2014. More complicated dates or special applications may require another calendar or another form; these should be documented in the std.vals element in the TEI Header. certainty indicates the degree of certainty attributed to the date. CDATA Any appropriate value, e.g. ca., approx, after, before. #IMPLIED 21 Feb 1980 ]]> Twelfth Day of June in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Seventy-seven of the Republic the Two Hundredth and first and of the University the Eighty-Sixth. ]]> September 1990 ]]> additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> date dates and date ranges defines a class of elements containing date specifications.

This class allows certain content models to allow either a single date or a date-range element. base tag set for common core features dateRange date range contains two dates or another phrase delimiting a time period. calendar indicates the system or calendar to which the date belongs. CDATA Recommended values include: Gregorian, Julian, Roman, Mosaic, Revolutionary, Islamic. #IMPLIED from indicates the starting point of the period in standard form. CDATA any date in a standard form; recommended form is yyyy-mm-dd. #IMPLIED

The value should conform to the standard form declared in the std.vals element in the TEI header. to indicates the ending point of the period in standard form. CDATA any date in a standard form; recommended form is yyyy-mm-dd. #IMPLIED

The value should conform to the standard form declared in the stdVals element in the TEI header. exact indicates the precision to be attached to either or both dates specified. (to|from|both|none) tothe to date is exact fromthe from date is exact bothboth dates are exact noneboth dates are approximate or unspecified #IMPLIED Early 12th century ]]>

date values should conform to the standard form declared in the stdVals element in the TEI header. 1846-48) the first collection of Hungarian folk poetry. ]]> additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> del deletion contains a word or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or identified as superfluous or spurious in the copy text. rend rendition indicates how the deletion was indicated in the copy text. CDATA subpunction dots below the line indicate matter to be deleted. overstrike lines through the text indicated matter to be deleted. erasure material to be deleted has been erased (but remains legible enough to transcribe). bracketed brackets around the material indicate that it is spurious or superfluous. #IMPLIED type classifies the type of deletion using any convenient typology. CDATA any string identifying the class of deletion. #IMPLIED

No recommendation of any particular typology is made here; to record the manner in which the deletion is signaled, use rend, not type. status may be used to indicate faulty deletions, e.g. strikeouts which include too much or too little text. CDATA any description of flaws in the marking of a deletion, e.g. excess left, excess right, short left, short right. 'unremarkable'

Status information on each deletion is needed rather rarely except in critical editions from authorial manuscripts. resp responsible identifies the individual responsible for making the deletion. CDATA Any string of characters, e.g. hand 1, hand 2, etc., or the initials of individuals known by name. #IMPLIED Mein Frisch schwebt weht der Wind ]]>

Cf. omit.

Degrees of uncertainty over what (if anything) can still be read may be indicated by use of the certainty element (see ).

This element should be used for deletion of shorter sequences of text, typically single words or phrases. The delSpan element should be used for longer sequences of text, for those containing structural subdivisions, and for those containing overlapping additions and deletions. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> distinct distinct identifies any word or phrase which is regarded as linguistically distinct, for example as archaic, technical, dialectal, non-preferred, etc., or as forming part of a sublanguage. type specifies the sublanguage or register to which the word or phrase is being assigned CDATA a semi-open user-defined list #IMPLIED time specifies how the phrase is distinct diachronically CDATA a semi-open user-defined list #IMPLIED space specifies how the phrase is distinct diatopically CDATA a semi-open user-defined list #IMPLIED social specifies how the phrase is distinct diastatically CDATA a semi-open user-defined list #IMPLIED fag of Macrea's, that there was trouble in their midst which King would fain keep secret. ]]> ]]> base tag set for common core features %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> div.gen text division generated automatically indicates the location at which an div generated automatically by a text-processing application is to appear. type specifies what type of generated text division (e.g. index, table of contents, etc.) is to appear. CDATA index an index is to be generated and inserted at this point. toc a table of contents figlist a list of figures tablist a list of tables #IMPLIED

Valid values are application-dependent; those shown are of obvious utility in document production, but are by no means exhaustive.

One use for this element is to allow document preparation software to generate an index and insert it in the appropriate place in the output. The example below assumes that the index attribute on the index element has been used to specify index entries for multiple indices, 1 and 2.

Bibliography ... ]]>

Another use for div.gen is to specify the location of an automatically produced table of contents:

...
Preface

... ]]>

This element is intended primarily for use in document production or manipulation, rather than in the transcription of pre-existing materials; it makes it easier to specify the location of indices, tables of contents, etc., to be generated by text preparation or word processing software. The n attribute should be used to give a title for the text division being generated. additional tag set for common core features Empty. EMPTY ]]> ]]> edit phrase-level elements for simple editorial correction and transcription.

base tag set for common core features edition Edition describes the particularities of one edition of a text. First edition Oct 1990 Students' edition ]]> auxiliary tag set for TEI headers monogr %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> editor editor secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc. role specifies the nature of the intellectual responsibility CDATA semi-open list (examples might include: translator, editor, compiler, illustrator, etc.) editor Eric Johnson John Tenniel ]]>

Particularly where cataloguing is likely to be based on the content of the header, it is advisable to use generally recognized authority lists for the exact form of personal names. base tag set for common core features A consistent format should be adopted analytic monogr series %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> emph emphasized marks words or phrases which are stressed or emphasized for linguistic or rhetorical effect. what?!! ]]> What it all comes to is this, he said. What does Christopher Robin do in the morning nowadays? ]]> base tag set for common core features free prose %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> expan expansion contains the expansion of an abbreviation. abbr abbreviation gives the abbreviation in its unexpanded form. CDATA any string of characters #IMPLIED Road. ]]> resp responsibility identifies the individual responsible for the interpretation given the abbreviation. CDATA any string of characters, usually the initials of the individual, if known, or a descriptive phrase (e.g. 16c hand) if not. #IMPLIED type allows the encoder to classify the abbreviation according to some convenient typology. CDATA any useful classification name, e.g. suspension, contraction, brevigraph, title, organization, geographic, etc. #IMPLIED

The type attribute is provided for the sake of those who wish to classify abbreviations at their point of occurrence; this may be useful in some circumstances, though usually the same abbreviation will have the same type in all occurrences. As the sample values make clear, abbreviations may be classified by the method used to construct them, the method of writing them, or the referent of the term abbreviated; the typology used is up to the encoder and should be carefully planned to meet the needs of the expected use.

This tag is the mirror image of the abbr tag; both allow the encoder to transcribe both an abbreviation and its expansion. In abbr, however, the original is transcribed as the content of the element and the expansion as an attribute value; expan reverses this. The choice between the two is up to the user.

The expan tag is not required; if appropriate, the encoder may expand abbreviations in the source text silently, without tagging them. If this is done, the TEI header should so indicate. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> extent describes the approximate size of the electronic text as stored on some carrier medium, specified in any convenient units. 3200 sentences between 10 and 20 Mb ten 3.5 inch high density diskettes ]]> auxiliary tag set for TEI headers bibl.full %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> foreign foreign identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some language other than that of the surrounding text. lang language identifies the language of the word or phrase marked. IDREF contains a language code (associated with some writing system declaration) for the language in question; where applicable, the codes of ISO 639 should be used. #IMPLIED

It is strongly recommended that the lang attribute be consistently specified on all foreign elements. lapis philosophicus? ]]>

This element is intended for use only where no other element is available to mark the phrase or words concerned. The global lang attribute should be used in preference to this element where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text element.

The distinct element may be used to identify phrases belonging to sublanguages or registers not generally regarded as true languages. base tag set for common core features free prose %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> gloss identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase target identifies the associated term element IDREF must be a valid identifier for some term element in the current document #IMPLIED discoursal point of view as the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction. ]]> base tag set for common core features free prose %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> head heading contains any heading, for example, the title of a section, or the heading of a list or glossary.

The most common use for the head element is to mark the headings of sections. In older writings, the headings or incipits may be rather longer than usual in modern works. If a section has an explicit ending as well as a heading, it should be marked as a trailer, as in this example:

In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours. Chapter-Headings In the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.

Proposing as I do ...

From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve years passed. Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin. ]]>

The head tag is also used to mark headings of other units, such as lists:

Connectives above accordingly across from adjacent to again ... ]]>

The head tag is used for headings at all levels; processing programs which treat (e.g.) chapter headings, section headings, and list titles differently must determine the proper processing of a head element based on its structural position. A head occurring as the first element of a list is the title of that list; one occurring as the first element of a div1 is the title of that chapter or section. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. lg list list.bibl %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> head.item heading for list items contains the heading for the item or gloss column in a glossary list or similar structured list. TRITE SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD

The head.item element may appear only if each item in the list is preceded by a label. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. list %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> head.label heading for list labels contains the heading for the label or term column in a glossary list or similar structured list. TRITE SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD

The head.label element may appear only if each item in the list is preceded by a label. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. list %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> hi highlighted marks a word or phrase as typographically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made. rend rendition describes the rendition or presentation of the word or phrase highlighted. CDATA a set of keywords from some suitable vocabulary; no systematic recommendations for such a vocabulary are made by these Guidelines. #IMPLIED

The rend attribute, though optional in general, is recommended on the hi element. And this Indenture further witnesseth that the said Walter Shandy, merchant, in consideration of the said intended marriage ... ]]> auxiliary tag set for TEI headers free prose %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> hqphrase phrase-level elements related to highlighting.

base tag set for common core features hqinter intermediate-level elements related to highlighting.

base tag set for common core features idno identifying number supplies any standard or non-standard number used to identify a bibliographic item. type categorizes the number, for example as an ISBN or other standard series. CDATA A name or abbreviation indicating what type of identifying number is given (e.g. ISBN, LCCN). #IMPLIED 0143-3385 116 ]]> auxiliary tag set for TEI headers bibl.struct #PCDATA ]]> ]]> imprint groups information relating to the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987 OxfordClarendon Press1987 ]]> base tag set for common core features monogr %m.date %m.place; biblScope publisher ]]> ]]> index index entry marks a location to be indexed for whatever purpose. index index number indicates which index (of several) the index entry belongs to. CDATA any string of characters; valid values are application-dependent. #IMPLIED

This attribute makes it possible to create multiple indices for a text. level1 first-level index entry gives the form under which the index entry is to be made. CDATA any string of characters. #REQUIRED

At least one level of entry is required. level2 second-level index entry gives the second-level form, if any. any string of characters. #IMPLIED level3 third-level index entry gives the third-level form, if any. any string of characters. #IMPLIED level4 fourth-level index entry gives the fourth-level form, if any. any string of characters. #IMPLIED b. Azarya, son of one of the last gaons of Sura, was David's own first cousin. ]]> additional tag set for common core features Empty. EMPTY ]]> ]]> indiv individual contains structured information about an individual.

To tag just the name of the individual, use the name or person tag. base tag set for common core features May contain the name of the individual, zero or more addresses, and zero or more affiliations. address affil name person ]]> ]]> inter elements of the intermediate (inter-level) class, which can occur both within paragraphs and between paragraphs.

This element class contains a subset of those elements which can appear in the unstructured soup with which paragraph and other elements at the lowest level of crystal structures are filled: specifically all the elements which can also occur as structural elements in their own right. In prose, this means the elements in this class can appear both within and between paragraphs. This class is thus distinct from the purely phrase-level elements which can appear only within soup, and not on their own; the latter class, in keeping with this metaphor, is called broth; it is represented by the class phrase. Cf. also the class chunks. base tag set for common core features item contains one component of a list. n name or number indicates the number (or letter, or other enumerator) borne by this list item in the copy text. CDATA Whatever string of characters is used to label a list item in the copy text may be used as the value of n, but it is not required that numbering be recorded explicitly. #IMPLIED

In ordered lists, the n attribute on the item element is by definition synonymous with the use of the label element to record the enumerator of the list item. In glossary lists, however, the term being defined should be given with the label element, not n. Here begin the chapter headings of Book IV The death of Queen Clotild. How King Lothar wanted to appropriate one third of the Church revenues. The wives and children of Lothar. The Counts of the Bretons. Saint Gall the Bishop. The priest Cato. ... ]]> additional tag set for common core features May contain simple prose or a sequence of chunks. list %specialPara; ]]> ]]> l verse line contains a single, possibly incomplete, line of verse. part specifies whether or not the line is metrically complete. (Y | N | I | M | F) Ythe line is metrically incomplete Neither the line is complete, or no claim is made as to its completeness Ithe initial part of an incomplete line Ma medial part of an incomplete line Fthe final part of an incomplete line N

The values I, M, or F should be used only where it is clear how the line is to be reconstituted. met contains a user-specified encoding for the metrical structure of the line. CDATA No recommendations are made at this time; some commonly used example formats are described in section . #IMPLIED

The conventions used for encoding metrical patterns must be documented in the TEI Header. ]]> base tag set for common core features contains character data or phrase level elements only lg %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> label contains the label associated with an item in a list; in glossaries, marks the term being defined.

Labels are most commonly used for the headwords in glossary lists; note the use of the global lang attribute to set the default language of the glossary list to Middle English, and identify the glosses and headings as modern English or Latin.

Vocabulary Middle English New English

Labels may also be used to record explicitly the numbers or letters which mark list items in ordered lists, as in this extract from Gibbon's Autobiography. In this usage the label element is synonymous with the n attribute on the item element.

Labels may also be used for other structured list items, as in this extract from the journal of Edward Gibbon:

additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. list %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> lg line group contains a group of verse lines functioning as a formal unit e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc. type characterizes the line group in some respect, e.g. as a verse paragraph, stanza, verse, etc. CDATA stanzastanzas of regular number of lines parablank verse paragraph freearbitrary grouping e.g. in free verse refraina chorus or refrain #IMPLIED rhyme contains a user-specified encoding for the rhyme scheme of this line group. CDATA No recommendations are made at this time; some commonly used example formats are described in section . '*INHERITED'

The conventions used for encoding rhyme schemes must be documented in the TEI Header. part specifies whether or not the line is metrically complete. (y | n | i | m | f) ythe line group is metrically incomplete neither the line group is complete, or no claim is made as to its completeness. ithe initial part of an incomplete line group ma medial part of an incomplete line group fthe final part of an incomplete line group N

The values I, M, or F should be used only where it is clear how the line group is to be reconstituted. ]]> base tag set for common core features contains verse lines only, possibly prefixed by a heading. lg head l lg ]]> ]]> lb line break marks the start of a new (typographic) line in some edition or version of a text. ed edition indicates the edition or version in which the line break is located at this point CDATA Any string of characters; usually a siglum conventionally used for the edition. #REQUIRED ]]> n number or name indicates the number or other value associated with the line which follows the point of insertion of this lb. CDATA Any string of characters. #IMPLIED

Encoders should adopt a clear and consistent policy as to whether the numbers associated with line breaks relate to the physical sequence number of the line within the page, or to some aspect of the logical structure of the text. By convention, lb elements should appear at the start of the line to which they refer.

Like other forms of milestone tag, lb tags cannot be automatically verified by SGML; for better validation, a concurrent markup stream should be used.

The lb tag is intended for making typographic line breaks in prose. It should be carefully distinguished from the l element, used to mark lines of verse. additional tag set for common core features EMPTY ]]> ]]> line contains one line of a reference edition. <(La)line n=1> ... [text of edition La, p. 32, l. 1] <(La)line n=2> ... [text of edition La, p. 32, l. 2] <(La)line n=3> ... [text of edition La, p. 32, l. 3] <(La)line n=4> ... [text of edition La, p. 32, l. 4] <(La)page n=33> ... ]]>

(optional) base tag set for physical description of the copy text May contain character data only. col page #PCDATA ]]> ]]> list contains any sequence of items organized as a list. type describes the form of the list. CDATA orderedlist items are numbered or lettered. bulletedlist items are marked with a bullet or other typographic device. simplelist items are not numbered or bulleted. glosseach list item glosses some term or concept, which is given by a label element preceding the list item. simple

The formal syntax of the element declarations allows label tags to be omitted from lists tagged list type=gloss; this is however a semantic error. a butcher a baker a candlestick maker, with rings on his fingers bells on his toes ]]>

The following example treats the short numbered clauses of Anglo-Saxon legal codes as lists of items. The text is from an ordinance of King Athelstan (924-939).

Athelstan's Ordinance Concerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over eightpence. And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his wergild -- and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account -- or to clear himself by an oath of that amount. If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve]. If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him that he will desist for ever. And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild, or to bring him back there. And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild, whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine. Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting. And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day, he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him down as a thief. And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild or to clear himself by an oath of that amount. Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and 120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had refused him justice. And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns. And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same. Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal. ]]>

Note that nested lists have been used so the tagging mirrors the structure indicated by the two-level numbering of the clauses. The clauses could have been treated as a one-level list with irregular numbering, if desired. These decrees, most blessed Pope Hadrian, we propounded in the public council ... and they confirmed them in our hand in your stead with the sign of the Holy Cross, and afterwards inscribed with a careful pen on the paper of this page, affixing thus the sign of the Holy Cross. I, Eanbald, by the grace of God archbishop of the holy church of York, have subscribed to the pious and catholic validity of this document with the sign of the Holy Cross. I, Ælfwold, king of the people across the Humber, consenting have subscribed with the sign of the Holy Cross. I, Tilberht, prelate of the church of Hexham, rejoicing have subscribed with the sign of the Holy Cross. I, Higbald, bishop of the church of Lindisfarne, obeying have subscribed with the sign of the Holy Cross. I, Ethelbert, bishop of Candida Casa, suppliant, have subscribed with thef sign of the Holy Cross. I, Ealdwulf, bishop of the church of Mayo, have subscribed with devout will. I, Æthelwine, bishop, have subscribed through delegates. I, Sicga, `patrician', have subscribed with serene mind with the sign of the Holy Cross. ]]> additional tag set for common core features May contain an optional heading followed by a series of items, or a series of label and item pairs, the latter being optionally preceded by one or two specialized headings. head head.item head.label item label ]]> ]]> list.bibl citation list contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind. Works consulted Blain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to Literature in English (Yale, 1990) The Interesting story of the Children in the Wood The Penny Histories Victor E Neuberg OUP1968 ]]> base tag set for common core features bibl bibl.full bibl.struct head trailer ]]> ]]> lists list-like elements.

base tag set for common core features loc elements used for purposes of location and reference

base tag set for common core features measure contains a word or phrase referring to a unit of measurement of any kind, typically associated with a number. type specifies the type of units being measured. CDATA weightmeasure of weight e.g. kg, pound. countunit of count, e.g. dozen, score. lengthmeasure of length, e.g. pole, mm. areameasure of area e.g. acre, hectare. volumemeasure of volume e.g. litre, gallon. currencyunit of currency e.g. ecu, escudo, mark. #IMPLIED reg regularized gives a standardized form for the name of the measure concerned CDATA Any string of characters. #IMPLIED

In providing a regularized form, no claim is made that the form in the source text is incorrect; the regularized form is simply that chosen as the main form for purposes of unifying variant forms under a single heading. quid merks of old extent ]]> additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> mentioned marks words or phrases mentioned, not used eluthemen we were released, accented on the second syllable of the word, and its participial derivative lutheis released, accented on the last. ]]> base tag set for common core features free prose %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> milestone marks the boundary between sections of a text, as indicated by changes in a standard reference system. ed edition indicates which edition or version the milestone applies to. CDATA Any string of characters; usually a siglum conventionally used for the edition. #REQUIRED n number or name indicates the new number or other value for the unit which changes at this milestone. CDATA Any string of characters. #IMPLIED

The special value unnumbered should be used in passages which fall outside the normal numbering scheme (e.g. chapter heads, poem numbers or titles, or speaker attributions in verse drama). unit indicates what kind of section is changing at this milestone. CDATA page page breaks in the reference edition. column column breaks. line line breaks. book any units termed book, liber, etc. poem individual poems in a collection. canto cantos or other major sections of a poem. stanza stanzas within a poem, book, or canto. act acts within a play. scene scenes within a play or act. sectionsections of any kind. absent passages not present in the reference edition. #REQUIRED

If the milestone marks the beginning of a piece of text not present in the reference edition, the special value absent may be used as the value of unit. The normal interpretation is that the reference edition does not contain the text which follows, until the next milestone tag for the edition in question is encountered.

In addition to the values suggested, other terms may be appropriate (e.g. Stephanus for the Stephanus numbers in Plato). ... ... ]]>

Milestones for page and column should precede milestones for line numbers, but this and other logical requirements cannot be enforced automatically by SGML; for better validation, a concurrent markup stream should be used. additional tag set for common core features EMPTY ]]> ]]> monogr monographic level contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. a book or journal) published as an independent item (i.e. as a separate physical object).

The monogr element may occur only within bibliographic citation or reference elements; it is mandatory for description of the monographic level of bibl.struct elements. base tag set for common core features May contain specialized bibliographic elements, in a prescribed order. bibl.struct author biblScope edition editor imprint meeting note resp title ]]> ]]> name name, proper noun contains a proper noun or noun phrase. type indicates the type of the object which is being named by the phrase. CDATA Values such as person, place, institution, product, acronym. #IMPLIED

Proper nouns referring to people, places, and organizations may be tagged instead with person, place, or org. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. indiv organization %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> names elements with proper nouns as content. key provides an alternative identifier for the object being named, such as a database record key. CDATA any string #IMPLIED Montaillou is not a large parish. At the time of the events which led to Fournier's investigations, the local population consisted of between 200 and 250 inhabitants. ]]>

The value may be a unique identifier from a database, or simply a more explicit name for the referent. Its purpose is only to record an identification; if the analysis leading to the identification is to be recorded as well, the analytic tags described in chapter should be used in addition or instead. reg regularization gives a normalized or regularized form of the proper name CDATA Any string of characters. #IMPLIED Fournier's investigations, the local population consisted of between 200 and 250 inhabitants. ]]>

In providing a regularized form, no claim is made that the form in the source text is incorrect; the regularized form is simply that chosen as the main form for purposes of unifying variant forms under a single heading.

base tag set for common core features note contains a note or annotation. n number or symbol indicates the symbol or number used to mark the note's point of attachment to the main text. CDATA any string of characters #IMPLIED The alleged mention of Judah Nagid's mother in a letter from 1071 is, in fact, a reference to Judah's children; cf. above, nn. 111 and 54. is well known from Geniza documents published by Jacob Mann. ]]>

If notes are numbered in sequence and their numbering can be reconstructed automatically by processing software, it may not be considered necessary to record the note numbers. type describes the type of note. CDATA Values can be taken from any convenient typology of annotation suitable to the work in hand; e.g. annotation, gloss, citation, digression, preliminary, temporary, ... #IMPLIED resp responsible indicates who is responsible for the annotation: author, editor, translator, etc. CDATA auth[or] note originated with the author of the text. ed[itor] note added by the editor of the text. comp[iler] note added by the compiler of a collection. tr[anslator] note added by the translator of a text. transcr[iber] note added by the transcriber of a text into electronic form. (initials) note added by the individual indicated by the initials. #IMPLIED

For specialized types of editorial annotation (e.g. for marking corrections, normalizations, cruxes, etc.), see chapter . place indicates where the note appears in the source text. CDATA foot note appears at foot of page. end note appears at end of chapter or volume. inline note appears as a marked paragraph in the body of the text. left note appears in left margin. right note appears in right margin. interlinear note appears between lines of the text. app[aratus] note appears in the apparatus at the foot of the page. 'unspecified'

For pages with multiple apparatus, values such as app1 and app2 can be used.

The place attribute can be used to indicate to text formatting software where a note should be printed. If the locations indicated do not agree with those in the copy text, that fact should be indicated in the TEI header. anchored indicates whether the copy text shows the exact place of reference for the note. (yes | no) yes copy text indicates the place of attachment for the note. no copy text indicates no place of attachment for the note. yes

In modern texts, notes are usually anchored by means of explicit footnote or endnote symbols. An explicit indication of the phrase or line annotated may however be used instead (e.g. page 218, lines 3-4). The anchored attribute indicates whether any explicit location is given, whether by symbol or by prose cross-reference. If the specific symbols used are to be recorded, use the n attribute. target indicates the point of attachment of a note, or the beginning of the span to which the note is attached. IDREF reference to the id of an element which begins at the location in question (e.g. the id of an anchor element). #IMPLIED

If target and target.end are to be used to indicate where notes attach to the text, then elements at the appropriate locations (anchor elements if necessary) must be given id values to be pointed at. target.end points to the end of the span to which the note is attached, if the note is not embedded in the text at that point. IDREF reference to the id of an element which ends at the location in question, or to an empty element at the point in question. #IMPLIED

Malerisch. This word has, in the German, two distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object, the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid confusion, they have been distinguished in English as picturesque and painterly respectively. (Tr.) style of the Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this psychological significance. ]]>

additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. bibl.struct monogr %specialPara; ]]> ]]> notes note-like elements.

base tag set for common core features num number contains a number, written in any form. type indicates the type of numeric value. CDATA cardinal absolute number, e.g. 21, 21.5 ordinal ordinal number, e.g. 21st fraction fraction, e.g. one half or three halves percentage e.g. ten percent #IMPLIED

If a different typology is desired, other values can be used for this attribute. value supplies the value of the number in an application-dependent standard form. CDATA any numeric value in the chosen standard form. #IMPLIED

The standard form used should be described in the std.vals element in the TEI header. Standard forms may be defined from scratch, or borrowed from existing practice (e.g. Standard values are given in the notation defined for numeric constants in the C language.) twenty-one 1.5 He stands 1 · 90m. high. ]]>

Detailed analyses of quantities and units of measure in historical documents should use the feature structure mechanism described in chapter . The num element is intended for use in simple applications. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> omit omitted material indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible or inaudible. desc description gives a description of the omitted text. CDATA a prose description of the material omitted. #IMPLIED reason gives the reason for omission. Sample values include sampling, illegible, inaudible, irrelevant, canceled, canceled and illegible. CDATA any short indication of the reason for the omission. #IMPLIED resp responsibility indicates the individual responsible for the omission (in the case of canceled material, the individual responsible for the cancellation) CDATA any string of characters identifying the individual in question, e.g. 2d hand or the initials of a known individual. #IMPLIED extent indicates approximately how much text has been lost, in letters, minims, inches, or any appropriate unit, for cases where a deletion renders the text quite illegible. CDATA any string of characters #IMPLIED

It is possible, but not always necessary, to provide measurements precise to the millimeter or even to the printer's point. The degree of precision attempted will vary with the purpose of the encoding and the nature of the material. additional tag set for common core features Empty. EMPTY ]]> ]]> org organization contains the name of an organization, or a reference to an organization. The Ministry of Love ]]>

This tag may be used to mark either all references to organizations, or only those which use proper nouns; in the latter case it is synonymous with name type=org. No distinction is made between organizations and institutions; the org tag may be used to mark references to either, or both. To provide further information about the organization, e.g. an address, use the organization element. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. address organization %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> organization organization (structured information) contains structured information about an organization: its name and address. ACH/ACL/ALLC Text Encoding Intiative

Computer Center (M/C 135), UIC 1940 W. Taylor St. Room 124 Chicago Illinois 60612-7352 U.S.A.
Oxford University Computing Service 13 Banbury Rd. Oxford OX2 6NN England
]]>

This tag may be used to encode a structured description of an organization, providing at least its name and its address. Further elements may be added as they are found useful. To tag only the name of the organization, use the org or the name element. additional tag set for common core features May contain the organizations name and zero or more addresses. address name org ]]> ]]> orig original form contains the original form of a reading, for which a regularized form is given in an attribute value. reg original gives a regularized (normalized) form of the text. CDATA any string of characters #IMPLIED resp responsibility identifies the individual responsible for the regularization of the word or phrase. CDATA any string of characters, typically the initials of the individual involved, or a role identifier like editor if not known by name. #IMPLIED additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> p paragraph marks paragraphs in prose. Hallgerd was outside. There is blood on your axe, she said. What have you done?

I have now arranged that you can be married a second time, replied Thjostolf.

Then you must mean that Thorvald is dead, she said.

Yes, said Thjostolf. And now you must think up some plan for me. ]]>

In some contexts, the paragraph may have a specialized meaning, e.g. in the tag set for dictionaries, p is used to enclose any running text, and thus does not imply text set off as is conventionally done in running prose. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %paraContent; ]]> ]]> pb page break marks the boundary between one page of a text and the next in a standard reference system. ed edition indicates the edition or version in which the page break is located at this point CDATA Any string of characters; usually a siglum conventionally used for the edition. #REQUIRED ]]> n number or name indicates the number or other value associated with the page which follows the point of insertion of this pb. CDATA Any string of characters. #IMPLIED

Encoders should adopt a clear and consistent policy as to whether the numbers associated with page breaks relate to the physical sequence number of the page or the page number or signature printed on it. By convention, pb elements should appear at the start of the page to which they refer.

Like other forms of milestone tag, pb tags cannot be automatically verified by SGML; for better validation, a concurrent markup stream should be used. additional tag set for common core features EMPTY ]]> ]]> page marks pages in a reference edition. ... [text of edition La, page 32] <(La)page n=32> ... [text of edition La, page 33] <(La)page n=32> ... [text of edition La, page 34] <(La)page n=32> ... [text of edition La, page 35] ]]>

The page element in a concurrent page-reference DTD may be subdivided into columns or lines if desired, or left unanalysed. base tag set for physical description of the copy text May contain col elements, line elements, or character data. %version vol #PCDATA col line ]]> ]]> person contains a name of a person, or a reference to a person.

This element may be used either for proper nouns only (in which case it is synonymous with name type='person') or for any reference to persons it is felt desirable to tag. This ambiguity may need to be removed. Use broader definition only and expect name to nest within person if the tagger wants it that way? -MSM I think it shd be restricted to names -LB additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. indiv %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> paraContent paragraph content defines the legal contents of paragraphs and similar elements as comprising character data, phrase-level elements which can occur only in paragraph content, and some higher-level elements which can occur either within paragraph content or within sequences of high-level elements (as defined by the parameter entity seq). '(#PCDATA | %m.inter; | %m.phrase;)*' phrase includes elements which can occur at the level of individual words or phrases.

This class of elements can occur only within larger elements of the class inter or chunk. In prose, this means these elements can occur within paragraphs, list items, lines of verse, etc. base tag set for common core features phrase.seq phrase sequence defines a sequence of character data and phrase-level elements. '(#PCDATA | %m.phrase;)*' place contains the name of, or a reference to, a place.

This element may be used either for proper nouns only (in which case it is synonymous with name type='place') or for any reference to places it is felt desirable to tag. This ambiguity may need to be removed. Use broader definition only and expect name to nest within place if the tagger wants it that way? -MSM I think it shd be restricted to names -LB additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> place defines a class of elements which contain names of places, addresses, etc.

This class allows any type of location specification to be used in certain places (e.g. within the imprint element of a structured bibliographic reference). base tag set for common core features pointer elements which point to other elements, using IDREFs. type categorizes the pointer in some respect, using any convenient set of categories. CDATA The type should indicate the intended function of the pointer, or the rhetorical relationship between its source and target. #IMPLIED resp specifies the creator of the pointer. CDATA any string of characters, usually the initials or name of the creator. #IMPLIED crdate specifies when the pointer was created. CDATA any string representing a date. #IMPLIED targType specifies the kinds of elements to which this pointer may point. NAMES A list of names of SGML elements defined in the DTD of the current document. #IMPLIED

If this attribute is supplied, every element specified as a target must be of one or the other of the types specified. An application may choose whether or not to report failures to satisfy this constraint as errors, but may not access an element of the right identifier but the wrong type. targOrder where more than one identifier is supplied as the value of the target attribute, this attribute specifies whether the order in which they are supplied is significant. (Y | N | U) YYes: the order in which IDREFs are specified as the value of a target attribute should be followed when combining the targeted elements. N No: the order in which IDREFs are specified as the value of a target attribute has no significance when combining the pointered elements. U Unspecified: the order in which IDREFs are specified as the value of a target attribute may or may not be significant. U evaluate specifies the intended meaning when the target of a pointer is itself a pointer. (all | one | none) allif the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then the target of that pointer will be taken, and so on, until an element is found which is not a pointer. one if the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then its target (whether a pointer or not) is taken as the target of this pointer. noneno further evaluation of targets is carried out beyond that needed to find the element specified in the pointer's target. #IMPLIED

If no value is given, the application program is responsible for deciding (possibly on the basis of user input) how far to trace a chain of pointers.

base tag set for common core features postbox postbox contains a number or other identifier for some postal delivery point other than a street address. P.O. Box 280 ]]> Postbus 532 ]]>

The position and nature of postal codes is highly country-specific; the conventions appropriate to the country concerned should be used. base tag set for common core features address #PCDATA ]]> ]]> postcode postcode contains a numerical or alphanumeric code used as part of a postal address to simplify sorting or delivery of mail. HR1 3LR ]]> 60142-7 ]]>

The position and nature of postal codes is highly country-specific; the conventions appropriate to the country concerned should be used. base tag set for common core features address #PCDATA ]]> ]]> ptr defines a pointer to another location in the current document. target specifies the destination of the pointer as one or more SGML identifiers IDREFS Each value specified must be the same as that specified as value for an ID attribute for some other element in the current SGML document. #REQUIRED ]]> base tag set for common core features EMPTY ]]> ]]> publisher provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item. Faber and Faber Ltd OxfordClarendon Press1987 ]]> base tag set for common core features Use the full form of the name by which a company is usually referred to, rather than any abbreviation of it which may appear on a title page imprint %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> q quoted speech or thought contains a representation of the speech or thought of a character or speaker in a text. type may be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is spoken or thought, or to characterize it more finely. CDATA spoken representation of direct speech, usually marked by quotation marks thought representation of thought, e.g. internal monologue #IMPLIED direct may be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is regarded as direct or indirect speech (y | n | unspecified) y speech or thought is represented directly n speech or thought is represented indirectly e.g. by use of a marked verbal aspect unspecified no claim is made unspecified who identifies the speaker of a piece of direct speech CDATA may be an idref #IMPLIED God Bless Us, Every One! ]]> base tag set for common core features %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> quote quotation contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text. You shall know a word by the company it keeps(Firth, 1957) ]]>

If a citation is supplied for the source of a quotation, this should be included within the quote element. base tag set for common core features %seq; ]]> ]]> ref defines a reference to another location in the current document, in terms of one or more identifiable elements, possibly modified by additional text or comment. target specifies the destination of the reference as one or more SGML identifiers IDREFS Each value specified must be the same as that specified as value for an ID attribute for some other element in the current SGML document. #IMPLIED See especially the second sentence see also s.v. locution ]]> base tag set for common core features %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> refsys reference system elements milestone-style elements used in reference systems

base tag set for common core features reg regularization contains a reading which has been regularized or normalized in some sense. orig original gives the unregularized form of the text as found in the source copy. CDATA any string of characters #IMPLIED Authority ]]> resp responsibility identifies the individual responsible for the regularization of the word or phrase. CDATA any string of characters, typically the initials of the individual involved, or a role identifier like editor if not known by name. #IMPLIED

The reg tag is mirrored by the orig tag, which allows the unnormalized form of the original to be retained as the content of the element, while still providing the opportunity to record the regularized or normalized form postulated by a researcher. The choice between the two elements is up to the encoder. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> region region contains the name of any regional or administrative subdivision, smaller than a country but larger than a city, occurring within an address. Illinois ]]> Provence ]]> base tag set for common core features address %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> resp statement of responsibility supplies a statement of responsibility for someone responsible for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the author, editor and other specialized elements do not suffice. transcribed from original ms Claus Huitfeldt ]]> converted to SGML encoding Alan Morrison ]]> base tag set for common core features analytic monogr series %m.agent role ]]> ]]> role contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility. compiler Edward Child ]]> auxiliary tag set for TEI headers resp %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> s arbitrary segment contains any arbitrary phrase-level unit of text. type indicates what sort of segment is marked. CDATA any string of characters. #IMPLIED

The type attribute may be used to provide any suitable classification for the s elements tagged in a text. It should not be used to tag features for which other tags are defined in these Guidelines. When are you leaving? Tomorrow. ]]>

The s element may be used to mark orthographic sentences, or other arbitrary low-level segments of the text. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> seg elements for arbitrary segmentation.

base tag set for common core features series series information contains information about the series in which a book or other bibliographic item has appeared.

base tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. bibl.struct biblScope editor resp title ]]> ]]> sic contains text reproduced although apparently incorrect or inaccurate. corr correction gives a correction for the apparent error in the copy text. CDATA any string of characters #IMPLIED a Table of green fields. ]]> resp responsibility identifies the individual responsible for the correct form given. CDATA Sample values include author, ed, scribe, or the initials of the individual in question. #IMPLIED a Table of green fields. ]]>

If all that is desired is to call attention to the apparent problem in the copy text, no attributes are required:

we can prove or disprove anyone's theories? ]]>

It is also possible to provide a correct reading and to identify the individual responsible for the correction: we can prove or disprove anyone's theories? ]]>

The sic tag is a mirror of corr: the former leaves the original text untouched, giving the correction as an attribute value; the latter substitutes the correction, leaving the original reading as an attribute value. The choice between them is up to the encoder. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %specialPara; ]]> ]]> soCalled so called contains a word or phrase for which the author or narrator indicates a disclaiming of responsibility, for example by the use of scare quotes or italics nuts to Scrooge. ]]> base tag set for common core features %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> sp speech An individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text. who identifies the speaker of the part by supplying an ID. IDREFS The IDREFS are derived from the ID attribute on the role elements in the cast list or from a list of the participants. #IMPLIED The reverend Doctor Opimiam

I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish. Mr Gryll

Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream. The Reverend Doctor Opimiam

On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him. In the first place....

Fish, Miss Gryll -- I could discourse to you on fish by the hour: but for the present I will forbear... ]]>

The who attribute on this element may be used either in addition to the speaker element or as an alternative. base tag set for common core features Lines or paragraphs, stagedirections and phrase level elements. %specialPara speaker ]]> ]]> span attaches simple analytic categories to an arbitrary passage of text. resp responsibility indicates who is responsible for the annotation being performed. CDATA initials of the researcher providing the analysis. #IMPLIED type indicates what type of phenomenon is being noted in the passage. CDATA image an image in the passage is being identified. character the span is associated with a particular character. theme the span tag identifies a theme in the passage. allusion the span tag identifies an allusion to another text. discourse type the span tag identifies a passage marked by a particular discourse type. #IMPLIED value identifies the specific phenomenon being annotated. CDATA A value from any convenient vocabulary for the type of phenomenon involved: names for images, themes, characters, types of discourse, etc. #IMPLIED

Automatic processing is easier if the values for this attribute come from a controlled vocabulary. target indicates the beginning of the span. IDREF reference to the id of an element which begins at the location in question (e.g. the id of an anchor element). #IMPLIED

If no value is supplied, the passage is assumed to begin at the point where the span element occurs. If the id value given is that of an element with content, and no value is given for target.end, then the passage is assumed coterminous with the element pointed at. target.end points to the end of the span being annotated. IDREF reference to the id of an element which ends at the location in question, or to an empty element at the point in question. #IMPLIED

If no value is supplied, the annotation is assumed to apply to the span or single point indicated by the target value. ]]>

The span element is intended for simple analyses of text, in which specific values (for example names of themes, characters, allusions, etc.) are associated with specific passages or spans of text. The type and value attributes allow the researcher to use whatever categories and values seem apt to the purpose. For more discursive annotation which requires less restrictive markup, the note element may be used. For analysis with more internal structure, use the feature structure mechanisms described in chapter .

Note that since the span tag points both to the beginning and to the ending of the passage it annotates, it need not be located at the passage itself; this allows the base text and annotation to be kept separate if that is desired. additional tag set for common core features Empty. EMPTY ]]> ]]> speaker A specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment. Nancy and Robert (speaking simultaneously)

The future? ... ]]>

The who attribute on the sp element may be used either in addition to this element or as an alternative. base tag set for common core features Any sequence of phrase level data sp %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> specialPara special paragraph defines the behavior of certain special paragraph-like elements, which can either behave like a single paragraph (containing character data and phrases) or contain a series of paragraphs and paragraph-level objects.

This parameter entity is used to define the contents of several elements, including item, note, and sp. '(((%m.chunk;), (%m.chunk; | %m.inter;)*) | (%paraContent;))' stage stage direction contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment. type indicates the kind of stage direction. CDATA setting describes a setting. entrance describes an entrance. exit describes an exit. business describes stage business. novelistic is a narrative, motivating stage direction. delivery describes how a character speaks. modifier gives some detail about a character. location describes a location. mixed more than one of the above mix A curtain being drawn. Music Enter Husband as being thrown off his horse. Exit pursued by a bear. He quickly takes the stone out. To Lussurioso. Having had enough, and embarrassed for the family. Disguised as Ansaldo. At a window. Aside. ]]> base tag set for common core features %para.seq ]]> ]]> street street a full street address including any name or number identifying a building as well as the name of the street or route on which it is located. via della Faggiola, 36 ]]> Duntaggin, 110 Southmoor Road ]]>

The order and presentation of house names and numbers and street names, etc., may vary considerably in different countries. The encoding should reflect the order which is appropriate in the country concerned. base tag set for common core features Running prose only address %phrase.seq ]]> ]]> term contains a word or phrase regarded as a technical term. parser, and much of the history of NLP over the last 20 years has been occupied with the design of parsers. ]]> discoursal point of view as the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction. ]]> base tag set for common core features free prose %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> time contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format. value gives the value of the time in a standard form. CDATA Any string representing a time in standard format; recommended form is hhmm, using the 24 hour clock. #IMPLIED four o' clock ]]>

If the normalized form of time is not given using the twenty-four hour clock, this fact should be documented in the stdVals element in the TEI Header. the quarter to twelve. ]]> Twelfth Day of June in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Seventy-seven of the Republic the Two Hundredth and first and of the University the Eighty-Sixth. ]]> September 1990 ]]> additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> timeRange time range contains two times or another phrase indicating a time period. from indicates the starting point of the time period in standard form. CDATA a time of day; recommended form is to use the 24 hour clock. #IMPLIED

The value should conform to the standard form declared in the stdVals element in the TEI header. to indicates the ending point of the time period in standard form. CDATA a time of day; recommended form is to use the 24 hour clock. #IMPLIED

The value should conform to the standard form declared in the stdVals element in the TEI header. exact indicates the precision to be attached to either or both times specified. (to|from|both|none) tothe to time is exact fromthe from time is exact bothboth times are exact noneboth times are approximate or unspecified #IMPLIED Just after teatime ]]>

time values should conform to the standard form declared in the stdVals element in the TEI header. additional tag set for common core features May contain character data and phrase-level elements. %phrase.seq; ]]> ]]> title contains the title of a work, whether article, book, journal, or series, including any alternative titles or subtitles. level bibliographic level (or class) of title indicates whether this is the title of an article, book, journal, series, or unpublished material. (a | m | j | s | u) a analytic title (article, poem, or other item published as part of a larger item) m monographic title (book, collection, or other item published as a distinct item, including single volumes of multi-volume works) j journal title s series title u title of unpublished material (including theses and dissertations unless published by a commercial press) #IMPLIED

If the title appears directly enclosed within an analytic element, the level, if given, must be a; if it appears directly enclosed within a monogr element, level must be m, j, or u; when title is directly enclosed by series, level must be s. type type of title classifies the title according to some convenient typology. CDATA main main title subordinate subtitle, title of part parallel alternate title, often in another language, by which the work is also known abbreviated abbreviated form of title #IMPLIED

This attribute is provided for convenience in analysing titles and processing them according to their type; where such specialized processing is not necessary, there is no need for such analysis, and the entire title, including subtitles and any parallel titles, may be enclosed within a single title element. La vie mode d'emploi. Romans. ]]> Synthese: an international journal for epistemology, methodology and history of science ]]> Information Technology and the Research Process: Proceedings of a conference held at Cranfield Institute of Technology, UK, 18-21 July 1989 ]]> Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles: a machine readable edition ]]> base tag set for common core features analytic monogr series %soup; ]]> ]]> %version version name serves as the root element for a concurrent markup stream which will be used to mark page and line numbers of a reference edition of the text. ]> <(TEI.2)TEI.2><(La)La> <(TEI.2)TEI.Header> ... <(TEI.2)text> <(La)page n='[1]'> ... <(La)page n='4'> ... <(La)page n='5'> ... ]]>

The version name should be short (one or two characters), as it must be prefixed to all page and line tags in the concurrent markup stream. base tag set for physical description of the copy text May contain character data, vol, and page elements. #PCDATA page vol ]]> ]]> version version defines the name to be used for the root element of a concurrent markup stream for marking pages and lines of some reference edition.

Some name for the edition should be supplied by defining this parameter entity within the appropriate DTD subset. If none is defined, the parameter entity (and thus the document type) default to ref. 'ref' vol volume marks the individual volumes of a reference edition. ... [text of edition La, volume 2] <(La)page n=32> ... [text of edition La, vol. 2, page 32] <(La)page n=32> ... [text of edition La, vol. 2, page 33] <(La)page n=32> ... [text of edition La, vol. 2, page 34] <(La)page n=32> ... [text of edition La, vol. 2, page 35] ]]>

The vol may be used if the reference edition has more than one volume; otherwise it need not be used. Any data contained within a vol element but not within a page element is assumed not to appear in the edition from which the reference scheme derives. base tag set for physical description of the copy text May contain character data and page elements. %version #PCDATA page ]]> ]]>