module ActiveRecord::QueryMethods
Constants
- DEFAULT_VALUES
- FROZEN_EMPTY_ARRAY
- FROZEN_EMPTY_HASH
- STRUCTURAL_OR_METHODS
- VALID_UNSCOPING_VALUES
Public Instance Methods
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 77 def bound_attributes if limit_value limit_bind = Attribute.with_cast_value( "LIMIT".freeze, connection.sanitize_limit(limit_value), Type.default_value, ) end if offset_value offset_bind = Attribute.with_cast_value( "OFFSET".freeze, offset_value.to_i, Type.default_value, ) end connection.combine_bind_parameters( from_clause: from_clause.binds, join_clause: arel.bind_values, where_clause: where_clause.binds, having_clause: having_clause.binds, limit: limit_bind, offset: offset_bind, ) end
Sets attributes to be used when creating new records from a relation object.
users = User.where(name: 'Oscar') users.new.name # => 'Oscar' users = users.create_with(name: 'DHH') users.new.name # => 'DHH'
You can pass nil
to create_with to reset
attributes:
users = users.create_with(nil) users.new.name # => 'Oscar'
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 791 def create_with(value) spawn.create_with!(value) end
Specifies whether the records should be unique or not. For example:
User.select(:name) # Might return two records with the same name User.select(:name).distinct # Returns 1 record per distinct name User.select(:name).distinct.distinct(false) # You can also remove the uniqueness
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 838 def distinct(value = true) spawn.distinct!(value) end
Forces eager loading by performing a LEFT OUTER JOIN on args
:
User.eager_load(:posts) # SELECT "users"."id" AS t0_r0, "users"."name" AS t0_r1, ... # FROM "users" LEFT OUTER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."user_id" = # "users"."id"
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 156 def eager_load(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:eager_load, args) spawn.eager_load!(*args) end
Used to extend a scope with additional methods, either through a module or through a block provided.
The object returned is a relation, which can be further extended.
Using a module¶ ↑
module Pagination def page(number) # pagination code goes here end end scope = Model.all.extending(Pagination) scope.page(params[:page])
You can also pass a list of modules:
scope = Model.all.extending(Pagination, SomethingElse)
Using a block¶ ↑
scope = Model.all.extending do def page(number) # pagination code goes here end end scope.page(params[:page])
You can also use a block and a module list:
scope = Model.all.extending(Pagination) do def per_page(number) # pagination code goes here end end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 884 def extending(*modules, &block) if modules.any? || block spawn.extending!(*modules, &block) else self end end
Specifies table from which the records will be fetched. For example:
Topic.select('title').from('posts') # SELECT title FROM posts
Can accept other relation objects. For example:
Topic.select('title').from(Topic.approved) # SELECT title FROM (SELECT * FROM topics WHERE approved = 't') subquery Topic.select('a.title').from(Topic.approved, :a) # SELECT a.title FROM (SELECT * FROM topics WHERE approved = 't') a
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 819 def from(value, subquery_name = nil) spawn.from!(value, subquery_name) end
Allows to specify a group attribute:
User.group(:name) # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" GROUP BY name
Returns an array with distinct records based on the group
attribute:
User.select([:id, :name]) # => [#<User id: 1, name: "Oscar">, #<User id: 2, name: "Oscar">, #<User id: 3, name: "Foo">] User.group(:name) # => [#<User id: 3, name: "Foo", ...>, #<User id: 2, name: "Oscar", ...>] User.group('name AS grouped_name, age') # => [#<User id: 3, name: "Foo", age: 21, ...>, #<User id: 2, name: "Oscar", age: 21, ...>, #<User id: 5, name: "Foo", age: 23, ...>]
Passing in an array of attributes to group by is also supported.
User.select([:id, :first_name]).group(:id, :first_name).first(3) # => [#<User id: 1, first_name: "Bill">, #<User id: 2, first_name: "Earl">, #<User id: 3, first_name: "Beto">]
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 284 def group(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:group, args) spawn.group!(*args) end
Allows to specify a HAVING clause. Note that you can't use HAVING without also specifying a GROUP clause.
Order.having('SUM(price) > 30').group('user_id')
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 668 def having(opts, *rest) opts.blank? ? self : spawn.having!(opts, *rest) end
Specify relationships to be included in the result set. For example:
users = User.includes(:address) users.each do |user| user.address.city end
allows you to access the address
attribute of the
User
model without firing an additional query. This will often
result in a performance improvement over a simple join.
You can also specify multiple relationships, like this:
users = User.includes(:address, :friends)
Loading nested relationships is possible using a Hash:
users = User.includes(:address, friends: [:address, :followers])
conditions¶ ↑
If you want to add conditions to your included models you'll have to explicitly reference them. For example:
User.includes(:posts).where('posts.name = ?', 'example')
Will throw an error, but this will work:
User.includes(:posts).where('posts.name = ?', 'example').references(:posts)
Note that includes works with association names while references needs the actual table name.
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 137 def includes(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:includes, args) spawn.includes!(*args) end
Performs a joins on args
. The given symbol(s) should match the
name of the association(s).
User.joins(:posts) # SELECT "users".* # FROM "users" # INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id"
Multiple joins:
User.joins(:posts, :account) # SELECT "users".* # FROM "users" # INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id" # INNER JOIN "accounts" ON "accounts"."id" = "users"."account_id"
Nested joins:
User.joins(posts: [:comments]) # SELECT "users".* # FROM "users" # INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id" # INNER JOIN "comments" "comments_posts" # ON "comments_posts"."post_id" = "posts"."id"
You can use strings in order to customize your joins:
User.joins("LEFT JOIN bookmarks ON bookmarks.bookmarkable_type = 'Post' AND bookmarks.user_id = users.id") # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" LEFT JOIN bookmarks ON bookmarks.bookmarkable_type = 'Post' AND bookmarks.user_id = users.id
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 448 def joins(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:joins, args) spawn.joins!(*args) end
Performs a left outer joins on args
:
User.left_outer_joins(:posts) => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" LEFT OUTER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id"
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 465 def left_outer_joins(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:left_outer_joins, args) args.compact! args.flatten! spawn.left_outer_joins!(*args) end
Specifies a limit for the number of records to retrieve.
User.limit(10) # generated SQL has 'LIMIT 10' User.limit(10).limit(20) # generated SQL has 'LIMIT 20'
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 685 def limit(value) spawn.limit!(value) end
Specifies locking settings (default to true
). For more
information on locking, please see ActiveRecord::Locking.
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 712 def lock(locks = true) spawn.lock!(locks) end
Returns a chainable relation with zero records.
The returned relation implements the Null Object pattern. It is an object with defined null behavior and always returns an empty array of records without querying the database.
Any subsequent condition chained to the returned relation will continue generating an empty relation and will not fire any query to the database.
Used in cases where a method or scope could return zero records but the result needs to be chainable.
For example:
@posts = current_user.visible_posts.where(name: params[:name]) # the visible_posts method is expected to return a chainable Relation def visible_posts case role when 'Country Manager' Post.where(country: country) when 'Reviewer' Post.published when 'Bad User' Post.none # It can't be chained if [] is returned. end end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 755 def none spawn.none! end
Specifies the number of rows to skip before returning rows.
User.offset(10) # generated SQL has "OFFSET 10"
Should be used with order.
User.offset(10).order("name ASC")
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 701 def offset(value) spawn.offset!(value) end
Returns a new relation, which is the logical union of this relation and the one passed as an argument.
The two relations must be structurally compatible: they must be scoping the same model, and they must differ only by where (if no group has been defined) or having (if a group is present). Neither relation may have a limit, offset, or distinct set.
Post.where("id = 1").or(Post.where("author_id = 3")) # SELECT `posts`.* FROM `posts` WHERE ((id = 1) OR (author_id = 3))
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 643 def or(other) unless other.is_a? Relation raise ArgumentError, "You have passed #{other.class.name} object to #or. Pass an ActiveRecord::Relation object instead." end spawn.or!(other) end
Allows to specify an order attribute:
User.order(:name) # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."name" ASC User.order(email: :desc) # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."email" DESC User.order(:name, email: :desc) # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."name" ASC, "users"."email" DESC User.order('name') # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY name User.order('name DESC') # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY name DESC User.order('name DESC, email') # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY name DESC, email
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 315 def order(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:order, args) spawn.order!(*args) end
Allows preloading of args
, in the same way that includes does:
User.preload(:posts) # SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."user_id" IN (1, 2, 3)
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 170 def preload(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:preload, args) spawn.preload!(*args) end
Sets readonly attributes for the returned relation. If value is true (default), attempting to update a record will result in an error.
users = User.readonly users.first.save => ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord: User is marked as readonly
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 769 def readonly(value = true) spawn.readonly!(value) end
Use to indicate that the given table_names
are referenced by
an SQL string, and should therefore be JOINed in any query rather than
loaded separately. This method only works in conjunction with includes. See includes for more details.
User.includes(:posts).where("posts.name = 'foo'") # Doesn't JOIN the posts table, resulting in an error. User.includes(:posts).where("posts.name = 'foo'").references(:posts) # Query now knows the string references posts, so adds a JOIN
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 190 def references(*table_names) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:references, table_names) spawn.references!(*table_names) end
Replaces any existing order defined on the relation with the specified order.
User.order('email DESC').reorder('id ASC') # generated SQL has 'ORDER BY id ASC'
Subsequent calls to order on the same relation will be appended. For example:
User.order('email DESC').reorder('id ASC').order('name ASC')
generates a query with 'ORDER BY id ASC, name ASC'.
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 336 def reorder(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:reorder, args) spawn.reorder!(*args) end
Reverse the existing order clause on the relation.
User.order('name ASC').reverse_order # generated SQL has 'ORDER BY name DESC'
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 905 def reverse_order spawn.reverse_order! end
Allows you to change a previously set where condition for a given attribute, instead of appending to that condition.
Post.where(trashed: true).where(trashed: false) # WHERE `trashed` = 1 AND `trashed` = 0 Post.where(trashed: true).rewhere(trashed: false) # WHERE `trashed` = 0 Post.where(active: true).where(trashed: true).rewhere(trashed: false) # WHERE `active` = 1 AND `trashed` = 0
This is short-hand for unscope(where:
conditions.keys).where(conditions)
. Note that unlike reorder,
we're only unscoping the named conditions – not the entire where
statement.
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 629 def rewhere(conditions) unscope(where: conditions.keys).where(conditions) end
Works in two unique ways.
First: takes a block so it can be used just like +Array#select+.
Model.all.select { |m| m.field == value }
This will build an array of objects from the database for the scope, converting them into an array and iterating through them using +Array#select+.
Second: Modifies the SELECT statement for the query so that only certain fields are retrieved:
Model.select(:field) # => [#<Model id: nil, field: "value">]
Although in the above example it looks as though this method returns an array, it actually returns a relation object and can have other query methods appended to it, such as the other methods in ActiveRecord::QueryMethods.
The argument to the method can also be an array of fields.
Model.select(:field, :other_field, :and_one_more) # => [#<Model id: nil, field: "value", other_field: "value", and_one_more: "value">]
You can also use one or more strings, which will be used unchanged as SELECT fields.
Model.select('field AS field_one', 'other_field AS field_two') # => [#<Model id: nil, field: "value", other_field: "value">]
If an alias was specified, it will be accessible from the resulting objects:
Model.select('field AS field_one').first.field_one # => "value"
Accessing attributes of an object that do not have fields retrieved by a
select except id
will throw
ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError:
Model.select(:field).first.other_field # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError: missing attribute: other_field
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 242 def select(*fields) if block_given? if fields.any? raise ArgumentError, "`select' with block doesn't take arguments." end return super() end raise ArgumentError, "Call this with at least one field" if fields.empty? spawn._select!(*fields) end
Removes an unwanted relation that is already defined on a chain of relations. This is useful when passing around chains of relations and would like to modify the relations without reconstructing the entire chain.
User.order('email DESC').unscope(:order) == User.all
The method arguments are symbols which correspond to the names of the methods which should be unscoped. The valid arguments are given in VALID_UNSCOPING_VALUES. The method can also be called with multiple arguments. For example:
User.order('email DESC').select('id').where(name: "John") .unscope(:order, :select, :where) == User.all
One can additionally pass a hash as an argument to unscope specific
:where
values. This is done by passing a hash with a single
key-value pair. The key should be :where
and the value should
be the where value to unscope. For example:
User.where(name: "John", active: true).unscope(where: :name) == User.where(active: true)
This method is similar to except, but unlike except, it persists across merges:
User.order('email').merge(User.except(:order)) == User.order('email') User.order('email').merge(User.unscope(:order)) == User.all
This means it can be used in association definitions:
has_many :comments, -> { unscope(where: :trashed) }
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 386 def unscope(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:unscope, args) spawn.unscope!(*args) end
Returns a new relation, which is the result of filtering the current relation according to the conditions in the arguments.
where accepts conditions in one of several formats. In the examples below, the resulting SQL is given as an illustration; the actual query generated may be different depending on the database adapter.
string¶ ↑
A single string, without additional arguments, is passed to the query constructor as an SQL fragment, and used in the where clause of the query.
Client.where("orders_count = '2'") # SELECT * from clients where orders_count = '2';
Note that building your own string from user input may expose your application to injection attacks if not done properly. As an alternative, it is recommended to use one of the following methods.
array¶ ↑
If an array is passed, then the first element of the array is treated as a template, and the remaining elements are inserted into the template to generate the condition. Active Record takes care of building the query to avoid injection attacks, and will convert from the ruby type to the database type where needed. Elements are inserted into the string in the order in which they appear.
User.where(["name = ? and email = ?", "Joe", "joe@example.com"]) # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Joe' AND email = 'joe@example.com';
Alternatively, you can use named placeholders in the template, and pass a hash as the second element of the array. The names in the template are replaced with the corresponding values from the hash.
User.where(["name = :name and email = :email", { name: "Joe", email: "joe@example.com" }]) # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Joe' AND email = 'joe@example.com';
This can make for more readable code in complex queries.
Lastly, you can use sprintf-style % escapes in the template. This works
slightly differently than the previous methods; you are responsible for
ensuring that the values in the template are properly quoted. The values
are passed to the connector for quoting, but the caller is responsible for
ensuring they are enclosed in quotes in the resulting SQL. After quoting,
the values are inserted using the same escapes as the Ruby core method
Kernel::sprintf
.
User.where(["name = '%s' and email = '%s'", "Joe", "joe@example.com"]) # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Joe' AND email = 'joe@example.com';
If where is called with multiple arguments, these are treated as if they were passed as the elements of a single array.
User.where("name = :name and email = :email", { name: "Joe", email: "joe@example.com" }) # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Joe' AND email = 'joe@example.com';
When using strings to specify conditions, you can use any operator available from the database. While this provides the most flexibility, you can also unintentionally introduce dependencies on the underlying database. If your code is intended for general consumption, test with multiple database backends.
hash¶ ↑
where will also accept a hash condition, in which the keys are fields and the values are values to be searched for.
Fields can be symbols or strings. Values can be single values, arrays, or ranges.
User.where({ name: "Joe", email: "joe@example.com" }) # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Joe' AND email = 'joe@example.com' User.where({ name: ["Alice", "Bob"]}) # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name IN ('Alice', 'Bob') User.where({ created_at: (Time.now.midnight - 1.day)..Time.now.midnight }) # SELECT * FROM users WHERE (created_at BETWEEN '2012-06-09 07:00:00.000000' AND '2012-06-10 07:00:00.000000')
In the case of a belongs_to relationship, an association key can be used to specify the model if an ActiveRecord object is used as the value.
author = Author.find(1) # The following queries will be equivalent: Post.where(author: author) Post.where(author_id: author)
This also works with polymorphic belongs_to relationships:
treasure = Treasure.create(name: 'gold coins') treasure.price_estimates << PriceEstimate.create(price: 125) # The following queries will be equivalent: PriceEstimate.where(estimate_of: treasure) PriceEstimate.where(estimate_of_type: 'Treasure', estimate_of_id: treasure)
Joins¶ ↑
If the relation is the result of a join, you may create a condition which uses any of the tables in the join. For string and array conditions, use the table name in the condition.
User.joins(:posts).where("posts.created_at < ?", Time.now)
For hash conditions, you can either use the table name in the key, or use a sub-hash.
User.joins(:posts).where({ "posts.published" => true }) User.joins(:posts).where({ posts: { published: true } })
no argument¶ ↑
If no argument is passed, where returns a new instance of WhereChain, that can be chained with not to return a new relation that negates the where clause.
User.where.not(name: "Jon") # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon'
See WhereChain for more details on not.
blank condition¶ ↑
If the condition is any blank-ish object, then where is a no-op and returns the current relation.
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 599 def where(opts = :chain, *rest) if :chain == opts WhereChain.new(spawn) elsif opts.blank? self else spawn.where!(opts, *rest) end end
Private Instance Methods
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1051 def arel_columns(columns) columns.map do |field| if (Symbol === field || String === field) && (klass.has_attribute?(field) || klass.attribute_alias?(field)) && !from_clause.value arel_attribute(field) elsif Symbol === field connection.quote_table_name(field.to_s) else field end end end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 934 def assert_mutability! raise ImmutableRelation if @loaded raise ImmutableRelation if defined?(@arel) && @arel end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 939 def build_arel arel = Arel::SelectManager.new(table) build_joins(arel, joins_values.flatten) unless joins_values.empty? build_left_outer_joins(arel, left_outer_joins_values.flatten) unless left_outer_joins_values.empty? arel.where(where_clause.ast) unless where_clause.empty? arel.having(having_clause.ast) unless having_clause.empty? arel.take(Arel::Nodes::BindParam.new) if limit_value arel.skip(Arel::Nodes::BindParam.new) if offset_value arel.group(*arel_columns(group_values.uniq.reject(&:blank?))) unless group_values.empty? build_order(arel) build_select(arel) arel.distinct(distinct_value) arel.from(build_from) unless from_clause.empty? arel.lock(lock_value) if lock_value arel end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 962 def build_from opts = from_clause.value name = from_clause.name case opts when Relation name ||= "subquery" opts.arel.as(name.to_s) else opts end end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1006 def build_join_query(manager, buckets, join_type) buckets.default = [] association_joins = buckets[:association_join] stashed_association_joins = buckets[:stashed_join] join_nodes = buckets[:join_node].uniq string_joins = buckets[:string_join].map(&:strip).uniq join_list = join_nodes + convert_join_strings_to_ast(manager, string_joins) join_dependency = ActiveRecord::Associations::JoinDependency.new( @klass, association_joins, join_list ) join_infos = join_dependency.join_constraints stashed_association_joins, join_type join_infos.each do |info| info.joins.each { |join| manager.from(join) } manager.bind_values.concat info.binds end manager.join_sources.concat(join_list) manager end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 987 def build_joins(manager, joins) buckets = joins.group_by do |join| case join when String :string_join when Hash, Symbol, Array :association_join when ActiveRecord::Associations::JoinDependency :stashed_join when Arel::Nodes::Join :join_node else raise "unknown class: %s" % join.class.name end end build_join_query(manager, buckets, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin) end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 974 def build_left_outer_joins(manager, outer_joins) buckets = outer_joins.group_by do |join| case join when Hash, Symbol, Array :association_join else raise ArgumentError, "only Hash, Symbol and Array are allowed" end end build_join_query(manager, buckets, Arel::Nodes::OuterJoin) end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1097 def build_order(arel) orders = order_values.uniq orders.reject!(&:blank?) arel.order(*orders) unless orders.empty? end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1041 def build_select(arel) if select_values.any? arel.project(*arel_columns(select_values.uniq)) elsif klass.ignored_columns.any? arel.project(*klass.column_names.map { |field| arel_attribute(field) }) else arel.project(@klass.arel_table[Arel.star]) end end
Checks to make sure that the arguments are not blank. Note that if some blank-like object were initially passed into the query method, then this method will not raise an error.
Example:
Post.references() # raises an error Post.references([]) # does not raise an error
This particular method should be called with a method_name and the args passed into that method as an input. For example:
def references(*args)
check_if_method_has_arguments!("references", args) ...
end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1164 def check_if_method_has_arguments!(method_name, args) if args.blank? raise ArgumentError, "The method .#{method_name}() must contain arguments." end end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1034 def convert_join_strings_to_ast(table, joins) joins .flatten .reject(&:blank?) .map { |join| table.create_string_join(Arel.sql(join)) } end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1198 def default_value_for(name) DEFAULT_VALUES.fetch(name) do raise ArgumentError, "unknown relation value #{name.inspect}" end end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1090 def does_not_support_reverse?(order) # Uses SQL function with multiple arguments. (order.include?(",") && order.split(",").find { |section| section.count("(") != section.count(")") }) || # Uses "nulls first" like construction. /nulls (first|last)\Z/i.match?(order) end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1117 def preprocess_order_args(order_args) order_args.map! do |arg| klass.send(:sanitize_sql_for_order, arg) end order_args.flatten! validate_order_args(order_args) references = order_args.grep(String) references.map! { |arg| arg =~ /^([a-zA-Z]\w*)\.(\w+)/ && $1 }.compact! references!(references) if references.any? # if a symbol is given we prepend the quoted table name order_args.map! do |arg| case arg when Symbol arel_attribute(arg).asc when Hash arg.map { |field, dir| case field when Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral field.send(dir.downcase) else arel_attribute(field).send(dir.downcase) end } else arg end end.flatten! end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1063 def reverse_sql_order(order_query) if order_query.empty? return [arel_attribute(primary_key).desc] if primary_key raise IrreversibleOrderError, "Relation has no current order and table has no primary key to be used as default order" end order_query.flat_map do |o| case o when Arel::Attribute o.desc when Arel::Nodes::Ordering o.reverse when String if does_not_support_reverse?(o) raise IrreversibleOrderError, "Order #{o.inspect} can not be reversed automatically" end o.split(",").map! do |s| s.strip! s.gsub!(/\sasc\Z/i, " DESC") || s.gsub!(/\sdesc\Z/i, " ASC") || s.concat(" DESC") end else o end end end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1171 def structurally_incompatible_values_for_or(other) STRUCTURAL_OR_METHODS.reject do |method| get_value(method) == other.get_value(method) end end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1107 def validate_order_args(args) args.each do |arg| next unless arg.is_a?(Hash) arg.each do |_key, value| raise ArgumentError, "Direction \"#{value}\" is invalid. Valid " \ "directions are: #{VALID_DIRECTIONS.inspect}" unless VALID_DIRECTIONS.include?(value) end end end
# File lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb, line 1177 def where_clause_factory @where_clause_factory ||= Relation::WhereClauseFactory.new(klass, predicate_builder) end